国际商务礼仪中的文化差异研究

摘要:商务礼仪在商务活动中起着非常重要的作用。它是人们在商务活动中长期形成的一种行文准则。然而由于以基督教为核心的西方和以儒家道家思想为核心的中国在文化上存在的巨大差异，就必然导致中西方商务礼仪千差万别。而随着中国经济的发展，我国的商务活动日益频繁。在这种大背景下，我们就必须了解不同文化下商务礼仪的差异，具备跨文化交际能力。只有这样，才能消除文化冲突，避免交际障碍，并且有利于与贸易伙伴培养感情，促进商务活动的成功开展，实现更加有效的交际。概括地来讲，造成商务礼仪这种差异的主要原因有中西方文化中不同的语言和交流方式及观念的差异。语言的差异可表现为语言和非语言上的差异，而观念的差异具体可从伦理观念、群体意识、集体观念和时间观念四方面来进行分析。而造成这些差异的主要原因在于中西方不同的思维方式和观念。思维方式又可以从整体性思维与解析性思维、模糊型与精确型思维和螺旋型思维和直线型思维三个方面来概括。而观念上的差异又可表现为价值观的差异、对等级制度和人际观念的看法差异等。最后本文将对此做一个总结性的概括，即在商务活动中，我们要宽容不同的文化，克服文化障碍，以确保商务活动的顺利进展。

关键词：文化.；商务礼仪.；差异.；原因.；正确对待.
The Study of Cultural Differences on International Business Rituals

Abstract: Business rituals are the usual form and a code of conduct that formed in long-term business activities. It plays a very important and irreplaceable role in business activities. Due to different cultural traditions between different countries, the business rituals in different countries in the world do not only possess international characteristics, but possess national characteristics. China, taking Confucianism and Taoism as the core, is so different from the West on culture which takes Christianity as the core. Thus, this will inevitably lead to different business rituals between China and the West.
With China's economic development and the improvement of people's material living standards, China's international business activities have become increasingly frequent. People’s pursuit for spiritual civilization is also growing, especially as China's market economy development and accession to the WTO to participate in international competition, as well as the upcoming 2008 Olympic events, which all pressingly demands us to understand the international practice, know more about business rituals in our foreign relationship to achieve more effective communication with others and to win in overseas.
On such circumstances, large number of Western culture rushes into China, thus he traditional Chinese rituals have been shocked by the impact of Western cultural etiquette. It becomes a question that how to protect traditional Chinese rituals, get rid of its dregs and make reasonable and effective integration with the Western rituals. More and more people realize that etiquette of Chinese and Western cultural will infiltrate and continue to develop together. Therefore, we must understand different business etiquette under different cultures, to treat Chinese and Western etiquette cultural differences correctly, recognize and respect their differences. Besides, we should explore the interoperability of cultural rituals and enhance the cultural differences sensitivity and the adaptation to other countries’ culture, so as to enhance communication efficiency. Only in this way can we avoid communication barriers, eliminate cultural conflict and achieve more effective communication.
This thesis will discuss differences on international business rituals from aspects of different ways of language and concepts. And differences on language include differences on language and non-language. The differences on concept can be analyzed from concept of collective, Group Consciousness, Concepts of Ethics and Concepts of Time. The main reasons for these differences are different ways of thinking and concepts. Ways of thinking can be analyzed from holistic thinking and analytical thinking, Ambiguous Thinking and Precise Thinking, Helical-type Thinking and Linear-type Thinking. The differences on values can be expressed from the differences on the concepts and the differences on the view toward hierarchy and interpersonal communication. Finally this paper will make a summary. That is, in business activities, we have to tolerant different cultures and overcome cultural barriers in order to ensure the smooth progress of business activities.

Key Words:  Culture.; Business Rituals.; Differences.; Reasons.; To Treat Correctly.

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