英汉动物词所反映的民族文化心理之比较研究与翻译

Abstract

There are a large number of words, idioms and expressions both in Chinese and English that are related to animals. Because of the similarities and discrepancies in the two nations’ religion, history, geographical environment and customs, some feature the same or similar mentalities of both nations, but some give different associations. This thesis aims to analyze the close relationship between human beings and animals, and try to compare the mentality of Chinese and English people featured by animal words from four aspects: similar mentality featured by the same animal, similar mentality featured by different animals, different mentalities featured by the same animal and semantic gap in different national mentalities. Also with the increase of cross-cultural exchanges between China and western countries, people’s mental preference to some animals have gradually changed. The translation of the animal words is another issue. The paper reviews the previous studies of the translation theories and takes a general view of the status quo of the animal word idioms translation. Based on the present popular Relevance Theory, several translation methods have been put forward, with an aim to promote to the linguistic cultural exchange between two nations.

Key words: animal word idioms; cultural connotation, national mentalities; Relevance Theory; translation methods
 摘要

中英文里都含有大量和动物有关的词语、习语和表达。由于两个民族各自的宗教、历史文化、地理环境以及习俗的不同，动物词的词义、文化内涵及其应用范围都有相同或相似之处，也有不同之处。本文总结了动物与人类之间存在的密切联系， 通过四个方面比较了动物词所反映的英汉民族文化心理的异同：同一动物词，承载相似的民族文化心理；不同的动物词，承载相似的民族文化心理；相同的动物词，承载不同的民族文化心理；民族文化心理的空缺。随着英汉文化交流的增加，两个民族人民的文化心理也在慢慢改变。同时本文也对英汉动物词的翻译进行了探索。在回顾了前人对于翻译理论以及英汉动物词的翻译研究的基础上，以当前流行的关联理论为基础，提出了几种英汉动物词的不同翻译方法。正确地理解英汉动物词之间的异同及运用适当的翻译策略能促使中西文化更好地交流。

关键词：动物词；文化内涵；民族文化心理；关联理论；翻译方法

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