基于冷链物流下的配送中心选址研究

摘要
近年来，随着经济全球化步伐的加快，科学技术日新月异。物流在社会经济发展中的地位变得越来越重要，并逐渐引起人们广泛的关注，物流的综合发展水平己成为评判断其国家综合实力的主要标志之一。其中，配送中心作为联结着需求点和资源点的桥梁，在整个物流网络中起着举足轻重的作用，所以有关配送中心的问题历来受到学术界的重视，配送中心的选址问题更是备受关注，精准的选址方案可以提高物流网络的整体效益，节约企业的运作成本。冷链是一个新兴的概念，由于它承载着关系国计民生的生鲜食品的运输，其作用显得尤为突出，冷链配送中心的选址更是重中之重。为了能够降低冷链物流成本，提高冷链效益，本文针对冷链配送中心的选址问题展开研究，构建成本最小化的冷链物流配选址问题的数学模型具有重要的理论和实践意义。
本文首先从配送中心的选址理论着手，较为全面的回顾了物流和配送的相关理论和概念，并着重的阐述了有关配送中心选址的内容，包括选址的原则、流程及方法；接下来对冷链物流系统进行了分析，总结了冷链物流选址的影响因素；从定性上讨论冷链物流选址的程序模型，讨论了在选址过程中的相关步骤和程序，然后对程序中的成本费用进行定量分析，建立相应的数学模型；对所建立的模型提出了启发式算法——改进遗传算法，通过具体算例进行分析和计算证明了模型的合理和可行性。

关键词：冷链物流  配送中心  选址  成本分析  遗传算法

Research On Distribution Centers Location Problem Based On The Cold Chain Logistics

ABSTRACT
In the recent years，with the development of economies，science and technology, a country physical logistics integrated development level become judges one of its national synthesis strength symbols. Distribution centre as a bridge connecting providers and clients in logistics network has a pushing effect on the function of distribution centers and the improvement of economic benefits.
This paper reviewed the domestic and foreign present development situation and the method which used ，analyzed the system of cold chain, and summarized the basic theory, the basic method and the basic model on location of distribution centre .
Then，the writer analyzes the influence factor of the cold chain logistics distribution centre location and master the process and procedure model of the cold chain logistics distribution centre location .
Next, the write establishes a comprehensive cost optimization model for this distribution system under the restriction of service levels about cold chain and bring forward the arithmetic, mixed genetic algorithm to the model established.
Finally, through the analysis and the computation of the concrete example, this paper has proven the feasibility of the model.

Key Word : Cold Chain Logistics, Distribution Centre, Location，Genetic Algorithm

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