中英称谓语的性别歧视研究

摘 要

性别意识贯穿于人类语言发展的全过程，语言中的性别差异是一种普遍存在的现象。但是在不同的性别面前，语言却是不公平的，存在着对女性的歧视。称谓语作为语言词汇系统的重要组成部分，同样地体现了性别歧视。无论是汉语还是英语称谓语系统中都存在着歧视女性的现象，只是因为语言和文化不同，对女性歧视的程度有所不同而已。
本文主要从英汉亲属称谓语，社会称谓语及其姓名称谓语三方面对其存在的性别歧视现象及其成因进行分析，使人们意识到性别歧视现象并不是孤立的语言现象，对它的理解不能脱离社会，历史和文化背景。在某种程度上，称谓语中存在的性别歧视现象造成了认知障碍，影响了和谐社会的构建，所以要想消除中英称谓语中存在的性别歧视现象，只靠改变语言本身是不够的，必须首先根除社会上存在的性别歧视观念，语言的变革只有在社会变革的基础上才能实现。
关键词：称谓语；性别歧视；语言

Abstract

Gender consciousness penetrates the whole process of language development, and there exists a common phenomenon that gender differences are reflected in languages. But as two different genders, males and females, language is applied diversely because of sexism. Address terms are one of the crucial parts of word language systems; similarly, they embody the phenomenon of sexism. The phenomena of discrimination against women both exist in Chinese and English, but the extents of discrimination against women are various owing to the diversity of languages and cultures.
The body of the thesis mainly discusses the existed sexism phenomenon as well as the formed reasons from three perspectives of kin address terms, social address terms, and full name address terms to make it clear that it is not an isolated phenomenon, which can not be fully understood if broken away from the social, historical and cultural backgrounds. To some extent, the existence of sexism caused cognitive impairment and affected the construction of a harmonious society. Therefore, people should strive to eliminate such discrimination, but it is not enough only from the language transformation, people should attach more importance to eradicating some existed sexism phenomenon. The change of language is limited by social culture. It changes with the change of society reform.
Key Words: address terms; sexism; language

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