巴金笔下的多余人——高觉新和汪文宣

摘要
20世纪二三十年代的中国，阶级矛盾尖锐，国家暗无天日，民族日趋衰亡，人们渴求变革，以求打破这种悲观的现状。在半封建﹑半殖民地的社会背景中，这块不咸不淡的土壤中偏偏“孕育”出一些小知识分子，他们的性格软弱悲哀，意志迷茫困顿，仿佛他们的出现注定是这个社会的牺牲品。高家大公子高觉新生不逢时，新旧思想、观念、伦理在激烈冲突和斗争，高觉新最终选择了服从、忍耐、甘愿做一个牺牲者。他的命运安排令人甚觉惋惜和悲哀，显现出《家》巨大的悲剧色彩。而另一部作品《寒夜》里面的小知识分子汪文宣，为人卑微、琐碎,窝囊、无奈，社会感受不到他的力量，是个多余人。
最终他也逃不过死去的命运，他的结局也引起人们的同情，但更多的是遗憾。 《家》和《寒夜》它们都不是一本悲观的书，而是一部希望的作品。英国著名诗人雪莱：“冬天来了，春天还会远吗”，是的，黑暗消散不正是为了迎接黎明！通过高觉新和汪文宣的悲剧命运，我们可以得出：人生就是要不断奋斗，不断向上；安分守己、忍辱苟安、甘受欺侮，就只能毁掉自己。作者把高觉新和汪文宣的悲剧本质披露出来目的是告诉我们，黑夜太冷，我们都需要温暖，一种自强不息的温暖。 

关键词：半封建半殖民地；多余人；高觉新；汪文宣；Unnecessary persons in the works of Bajin——
Juexin Gao and Wenxuan Wang
Abstract
China was experiencing severe hardship, unbelievable chaos and extreme conflicts between upper and lower classes in 1920s. The whole nation was dying while some were dreaming of some kind of reform so that China could break through the worst situation and enter a new era. Under the background of feudal and colony, some kind of intellectuals came into being in the endangered China. However, they were so tender in characteristics and vast in will that they doomed to been sacrificed for the unstable society.Juexin, the eldest son of Gao, was born in a wrong moment. In the conflict he finally chose to obey and bear what it was, willing to sacrifice himself. His fame is a pity as well as a tragedy, which reflects the enormous pessimism of “Home”.Wenxuan Wang, another intellectual in the works of “Cold Night” of Bajin, was a mean, disappointed and useless person, with whom no one could even sense his existence. He was an unnecessary man.
Eventually Wang was bound to end. People showed sympathy on him, but meanwhile felt regret for his death.But actually “Home”and “Cold Night” are two great works of hope instead of pessimism.Just as what Shelley, the famous English poet, wrote: If winter comes, can spring be far behind? As we know, The darkness lifts is not to greet the dawn.We, after careful considering the fame of both Juexin Gao and Wenxuan Wang, can easily conclude that man should work hard and should keep going. Being content and willing to accept bullying or insult will eventually destroy oneself.Bajin, through illustrating the tragedy of Gao and Wang, intends to inform us that, in such a cold night, we need effort to go forward until we make it.
Key words:  unnecessary persons   Juexin Gao   Wenxuan Wang
 

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