商务英语的语用特色分析

摘要：商务英语是一种具有特殊社会功能的英语，是人们在商务交际活动的桥梁。它来源于普通英语，具有普通英语的语言特征。但是因其商务这种特殊的语用环境，有它自身独特的语用特色。如果我们能运用语用原则来把握这些语用特色，我们就能很好地实现预期的目标，使商务活动变得更加有效方便。本文首先从商务英语的语用特色入手，从专业词汇，风格和语篇布局三方面来分析商务英语的语用特色。并且引出一般语用原则（合作原则和礼貌原则，简称“CP” 和“PP”），这两个原则分别是由格莱斯和利奇提出的。通过对合作和礼貌原则的叙述，本文运用合作原则的四个准则（质量准则，数量准则，相关准则和方式准则）和礼貌原则中的最根本的一对准则（策略准则和宽宏准则）来解释语用原则怎样来影响商务英语的语言表达。同时本文认为合作原则和礼貌原则同样可以适用于日常的商务操作中。论文把合作原则和礼貌原则的引入商务相关行为，从而指导双方建立紧密的商务关系。但是世界上没有绝对的规矩。语用原则在一定的程度上，对商务表现有束缚力，但是它们不能覆盖商务活动的全部，其本身就具有局限性，合作原则不能解释认为在遵守合作原则的同时，还要有意违反这个原则。礼貌原则认为这种违反是因为表现礼貌。但是在现实的国际商务交流中，人们不遵守原则并不是出于礼貌。因此本文提出我们应该灵活的运用语用原则。

关键词 语用特色;合作原则;礼貌原则;局限性;灵活
The Pragmatic Analysis on Business English

Abstract: Business English, as professional English with special social functions, is a bridge of human’s communication in the business activities. Business English comes from Ordinary English, so that it has the common linguistic characteristics. However, there are many special pragmatic characteristics of Business English, owning to its business context. If we can grasp pragmatic characteristics with some pragmatic principles, we will target at the expectable goals and guarantee the more efficient and more convenient commerce activities. This thesis attempts to firstly analyze the pragmatic characteristics in three aspects: professional meanings, style and the arrangement of sections. And then the pragmatic principles (the Cooperative Principle, the CP for short and the Politeness Principle, the PP for short) would be worked out, which are respectively proposed by H.P.Grice and G..Leech.Through the expatiation of the theories of the CP and the PP, this paper presents the four maxims of the CP (the maxim of quantity, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relation and the maxim of manner) and a fundamental pair of the PP (Tact maxim and Generosity maxim) to explain how the pragmatic principles affect the word expression in Business English. Meanwhile, it is believed that the CP and the PP also can be applied in the daily business operation. This thesis briefly quotes the CP and the PP into the business relevant behaviors for guiding the two participants to establish a close relationship. However, there are no definite regulations in the world. To a certain extent, the pragmatic principles can regulate the expressions of the Business English, but they also can not cover the whole process entirely, because actually have their limitation. The CP can not explain why people go against the CP on purpose when they decide to abide by it The PP explains why they disobey the CP is to show the politeness in the communication. However, in the daily business communication, people would not follow the CP may not because of the politeness. Thus, this paper proposes that we should excise the pragmatic principles flexibly.

Keywords pragmatic characteristic; the Cooperative Principle; the Politeness Principle; limitation; flexibility

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