我国乡村城镇化的量、度探析：以开封县为例

摘　要

城镇化（urbanization）是社会经济生产力发展的必然趋势。中国农村地域广阔，农村人口占全国劳动人口71.20%的背景决定了中国将走一条与西方工业化国家极为不同的城镇化道路。实践证明，由于我国的乡村城镇化发生在广大的农村地域，对这项宏大长远的社会工程的设计与拓展，特别是对其量与度的把握上，从根本上讲应由各地基层、社区政府发动和组织农民根据自身的客观需要与条件而自主决策和推动。因此，以农村人口在农村就地建立小城镇为中心的自下而上的乡村城镇化发展模式已经成为推动中国城镇化进程的最主要途径。我国经过20多年的改革和发展，中国农业生产和农村非农化取得了突破性进展，使乡村城镇化具备了加快发展的条件和基础。
乡村城镇化是我国城市化道路的必然选择，要实现全国在总体上的城市化，则更多的要依托乡镇的发展。乡村城镇化的发展在成为经济引擎的同时，也使乡村的经济结构和社会结构得到调整。乡村城镇化是历史发展的必然选择，近50年来我国的乡村城镇化也倍受到关注和研究。乡村城镇化必然带来意想不到的经济效益和社会效益，但是，一味的追求乡村城镇化率，必然会带来一些社会问题。比如资源浪费、环境污染、失地农民的社会保障，等等。这些问题在高速发展显存城镇化的同时也是需要亟待解决。如何处理这些亟待解决的问题，是目前和将来摆在面前的重要难题。因此，政府需加强引导，调动农民在乡村城镇化过程中的积极性和参与度，从而减少甚至避免出现类似问题。

关键词：乡村城镇化；必然性；问题；对策

Abstract

Urbanization is the inevitable trend of the development of social economic productive forces. The background of China's vast rural areas, and rural population accounts for 71.20% of the national labor force decides China will take a very different urbanization way of the Western industrialized countries. It is proved that because of China's rural urbanization is in the vast rural area, for the design and development of the ambitious long-term social engineering, especially for the mastery of the amount and degree, fundamentally speaking, the grass-roots units and community-government should initiate and organize the farmers to make their own decision-making and promotion according to their own needs and conditions. Therefore, the bottom-up rural urbanization development model centered of the establishment of small rural towns in the rural place has become China's most important way to urbanization. After 20 years of reform and development, the rural non-farm and agricultural production have made a breakthrough progress, so as to make conditions and basis for the accelerated development of rural urbanization.
Rural urbanization is an inevitable choice for the road of China Urbanization, in order to achieve the national urbanization, we should rely more on the development of township. The development of rural urbanization becomes the economic engine, at the same time adjust the rural economic structure and social structure. Rural urbanization is the inevitable choice of historical development, the rural urbanization in China has attracted extra attention and study of the past 50 years. Rural urbanization is bound to bring unexpected economic and social benefits, but the pursuit of rural urbanization blindly, will inevitably bring about some social problems, such as the waste of resources, the environmental pollution, the social security of landless peasants, and so on. These problems in the rapid development of rural urbanization need to be solved rapidly. How to deal with these problems is the key challenges in the current and future. Therefore, the Government needs to strengthen the guidance, and mobilize famer’s initiative and participation in the process of rural urbanization, and thus reduce and even avoid similar problems.

Keywords: rural urbanization; inevitability; problem; countermeasure

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