主权债务信用评级的历史研究

摘    要
信用评级业是金融体系中特殊的中介服务，是维护国家金融主权的重要力量，代表了一个国家在国际金融服务体系中的国家地位。它通过对企业和政府的债务偿还风险进行评价，引导金融资本投资和经济决策，直接关系到金融产品的定价权，并影响一国信贷市场利率及汇率形成，与国家金融主权和经济安全密切相关。目前,新兴市场进入国际资本市场是不稳定的、多变的。对于新兴市场,信用评级扮演着最关键的角色。主权信用评级是由信用评级机构对中央政府的债务所做的风险评估,在决定国家进入国际资本市场的程度和条件上起着关键的作用。因此，本文将从主权债务信用评级现状，分析主权债务信用评级对国家以至全球的影响，以及完善信用评级机构对主权债务监控的建议。

关键词  主权债务；信用评级；影响；完善
Abstract
Credit ratings in the financial system is special intermediary service,what is to safeguard national financial sovereignty important strength, represent a state in the international financial service system of the national status. It through to the enterprise and government debt repayment risk also evaluation, guide financial capital investment and economic decision-making. It directly related to determine the price of a financial products, and influence the credit market interest rate and exchange rate one formed, with the national financial sovereignty and economic security closely related. At present, the emerging markets into the international capital market is not stable and changeful. For the emerging market, credit rating plays the key role. Sovereign credit rating is by the credit rating agencies of the central government debt do risk assessment, in countries and international capital market to the extent of the conditions and playing the key role. Therefore, this paper from the sovereign debt rating situation, analyzes sovereign debt rating on national and global influence, and improve and perfect the credit rating agencies to sovereign debt monitoring proposal.

 
Keyword:  Sovereign Debt  Credit Rating  Influence  Perfect

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