企业信息化下的供应链稳定性研究

摘  要

知识经济的今天，企业面临着顾客消费水平不断提高，企业之间的竞争不断加剧，政治、经济、社会环境发生着巨大的变化等挑战。面对这些挑战，一种新型的企业经营模式——供应链管理应运而生。供应链管理是由一系列如订单的发送和获取、原材料的采购、产品的生产直到最后进入市场进行销售、配送等跨职能部门的多个活动环节构成的活动。由于供应链涉及的企业众多，活动众多，在信息流通的过程中，不可避免的会由于信息失真、信息延迟等因素导致供应链的稳定性受到影响，导致供应链的生产成本、谈判成本、管理成本增加，大量库存积压，资源浪费等阻碍供应链发展的现象产生。因此，探讨在激烈市场竞争和变化莫测的环境下，供应链的相对稳定迫在眉睫。本文基于企业信息化环境，以“牛鞭效应”为例探讨了供应链不稳定性的形成机理，并通过对一种线性供应链模型的分析，提出影响线性供应链稳定性的因素以及提高稳定性的相关策略，最后在总结全文的基础上提出了提高供应链稳定性的几点建议。

关键词：供应链  企业信息化  牛鞭效应  稳定性
ABSTRACT

In the knowledge-based economy society, enterprises are faced with constantly improvement of the customers’ spending levels, competition among enterprises increasing, the great changes on politics, economy, society and other challenges. Faced with these challenges, a new business model ,supply chain management have emerged. Supply chain management is constituted by a series of activities include the sending and acquisition of orders, procurement of  raw material, production until the last to enter the market for sales, distribution . As the supply chain involved in many enterprises, many activities,when the information is transmiting among the chain, it is inevitable the production between enterprises is not smooth because of distortion of information,delay of information, and other factors .Then the balance of the supply chain is threatened.Some enterprises in the chain suffer serious losses. Therefore, in the fierce market competition and unpredictable changes, the study on relative stability of the supply chain is imminent. Based on the environment of enterprise information ,it takes the bullwhip effect as an example to explain the formation mechanism on the instability of the supply chain, then through a linear model of the supply chain,analyse the stability of different inventory management strategies.Finally,the paper concludes some suggestions on the stability of the supply chain.

Key words:supply chain  enterprise informationization  bullwhip effect  stability

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