政府危机管理中存在的问题及对策-以日本大地震为例 随着社会的发展，公共危机发生次数也在开始增多，公共危机给社会和人民带来伤害、危害的影响也变大。政府作为公共危机中的指导者，必须亟待制定出一套比较合理、规范的危机管理体制，来应对公共危机。全球各国基本是以国家 为指导、控制制定危机管理结构，而自上而下的垂直式、命令式的管理机制很难调动社会的集体力量去应对危机，但公共危机由于它的特殊性，政府主体、公共危机管理制度本身的限制性、滞后性，在快速发展的社会下，面对现实的危机，无法灵活的解决危机问题。现在各国政府在建立危机管理制度是以政府为指导竖向的制定为基础，要以人为本出发点，制度辅助为原则，公开透明的处理危机方式，赢得大多数国家的认可。以日本大地震（核泄漏事件）为例，日本政府遵循一贯的政府控制性的危机管理体系模式，但最后没有取得好的效果，可以看出日本危机管理体系的滞后性，政府过多的人为性管理危机的政策错误，无法在危机短期安全的时间内处理好这次大地震（核泄漏事件）。日本政府危机的管理体系在运行中还存在着制度的固定化、政府政策的偏向、社会的危机意识、落实不到位等一系列问题，以后各国需与时俱进的改进和进一步的完善。 关键词：日本大地震（核泄漏）；危机管理体系；政府 Research on problems and countermeasures of government crisis management---A case study on the Japanese earthquake Abstract With the number of social development, public crisis also began to increase public crisis to bring harm to the community and the people, the effects of hazards larger. Guidance as a public crisis, the Government must urgently develop a more reasonable specification crisis management system to deal with public crises. Countries around the world basically is based on the country as a guide, and control the development of crisis management structure, and top-down vertical, command-style management mechanism is difficult to mobilize the collective power of society to cope with the crisis, but the public crisis because of its specificity, the main body of the public crisis management system itself is restrictive, the lag in the rapid development of the social crisis to face the reality, not a flexible solution to the crisis. Governments to establish a crisis management system based on the Government for the formulation of guidance vertical to the starting point for people-oriented, system assisted the principle of open and transparent to deal with crisis.won the most national recognition. Japan earthquake (nuclear accident), for example, the Japanese government to follow a consistent government control of the crisis management system model, but in the end did not achieve good results, you can see the lag of the Japanese crisis management system, the government too much man-made crisis management, policy errors, unable to deal with in the time of crisis, short-term safety of this earthquake (nuclear accident). Japanese government crisis management system in operation the system fixed, the bias of government policy, social sense of crisis, the implementation of a range of issues not in place, after the countries in need of advancing with the improvement and further improve. Keywords：earthquake in Japan (nuclear leak)；crisis management system； government
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