商务环境中跨文化沟通策略

在经济全球化大发展的背景下，企业与企业之间交流日益频繁。如何有效地促进企业管理中的跨文化交际，加强彼此之间的沟通，已成为企业管理研究中的重要课题。同时，跨国企业越来越多，跨国经营越来越普遍，跨文化管理越来越带有普遍性。然而，商务环境并不是千篇一律，它也有大小之分，于是在各种具体商务环境下的跨文化管理需要有正确的观念作为指导，需要讲究合适的策略，还需要有效的沟通技巧来进行不同文化背景的沟通与协调。目前涉及跨文化交流的企业主要有三类：进出口公司，跨国公司和全球公司。因为这三类企业在组织结构和管理制度方面存在差异，导致它们在操作跨国业务时需要采用不同的交流方式和沟通技巧。本文从跨文化交际视角出发，考察了具体商务环境下的跨文化、跨文化沟通、企业管理之间的关系以及企业管理中的跨文化沟通障碍表现的层面：即认知层面、价值观层面、语言层面和非语言层面，分析了障碍存在的原因，进而提出了消除各类型企业管理中跨文化沟通障碍的建议。
关键词：跨文化沟通；具体商务环境；策略
Strategies on Cross-cultural Communication
in Business Environment

Abstract: With the great development of economic globalization, communication among corporations has become increasingly frequent, thus one major task for study has come up: how to promote the cross-cultural communication in business management effectively. Meanwhile, the increasing multinational enterprises and the generalization of transnational operations have made cross-cultural management universal. However, cross-cultural communication in business environment may not necessarily be the same and therefore the barriers coming out from the business environment are different. So specific business environment requires appropriate guidelines, suitable strategies and effective communication skills as well to communicate and coordinate in different cultural backgrounds. At present, there are three major forms of international business involvement: import-export firms, multinational firms, and global firms. Because they have different organizational structures and management styles, the cross-cultural communication in each form naturally is doomed to be different. This paper mainly studies the relations between cross-cultural communication and business management in specific business environment and the barriers people may encounter in cross-cultural communication. Besides, the causes for the barriers in cross-cultural communication are analyzed from three perspectives: cognitive, language and value. Finally, some further research on specific strategies is advised. After all the conventional strategies on cross-cultural communication may be applicable in most situations; however, some more suitable strategies are required in specific business environment which is the main part to be discussed in this paper.
Keywords: Strategies; Cross-cultural Communication; Specific Business Environment

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