对外汉语教材中离合词的计量研究

离合词是汉语独有的一种涉及词汇和语法两个领域的特殊现象，在对外汉语教学中，离合词具有重要的研究价值。基于对外汉语教材驳杂而不统一的现状，本文采用计量研究的方法,致力于探讨不同教材词汇表中离合词的数量、比重以及与《汉语水平词汇等级大纲》的比较所得数据对对外汉语教材编写的影响和启示。纵观离合词研究的多角度，横看对外汉语教材编写的现状差异，通过对所选取的北京语言大学汉语速成班中、高级班所用三本教材词汇表中离合词的数据统计，进而更好的对具有代表性教材的词汇现状作出深入而客观的阐述。通过与作为HSK纲领性文件的《汉语水平词汇等级大纲》的对比，进一步深入研究三本教材离合词收录的差异、原因及其存在的问题，加之对对外汉语教师和国际学生的问卷采访，最终从数据与教学经验两个角度探寻能够解决教材词汇表编写和标注等问题的方法，为对外汉语教材词汇表编写提供更多实际的意见和建议。

关键词：对外汉语；离合词；计量研究；教材编写
Quantitative Study of Separable Words in TCFL Textbooks

Abstract: Separable words are a particular phenomenon which is related to two aspects of the vocabulary and grammar especially in Chinese. Separable words have higher research value in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language (TCFL) textbooks. As a major part, the verb-object structure of separable words is paid special attention to by TCFL educational circles, not only because of its grammatical features, but also of its importance of TCFL teaching. The article adopts the way of quantitative study to explore different percentage of separable words in three different textbooks. Based on mixed present situation of TCFL textbooks, it is necessary to explore effects and revelation to TCFL textbooks through the data of researching three representative TCFL textbooks (from Chinese crash course of Beijing Language University). Compared with Chinese Proficiency Vocabulary Level Outline, it is important to put forward the similarity and the difference between them. The article discusses how and why the three textbooks (vary greatly in separable words selecting and distributing so as to) find out the countermeasures and methods of solving the problems of selecting and compiling glossary of TCFL textbooks and Chinese Proficiency Vocabulary Level Outline. With the interview to TCFL teachers and Chinese learning students, the article gets more information about the loss of compiling glossary in TCFL textbooks from the point of experience. Because separable words haven’t got enough attention in TCFL teaching, as a special phenomenon related to grammar and vocabulary, which decided the difficulty of separable words in TCFL, we need to deeply explore the TCFL textbooks and improve the marking of separable words in glossary. TCFL textbooks as the first tool to learn Chinese should have a more clear vocabulary system to guide international students. Through quantitative study of separable words, this paper tends to work out some methods to improve textbooks writing and change teaching situation of separable words.

Keywords: separable words; TCFL; quantitative study; textbooks writing
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