英汉语言禁忌的跨文化分析
随着经济全球化的发展，不同文化之间的交流也日益加强，不同文化背景的人们在交往的过程中难免会遇到各种各样的问题、误解和冲突。这就要求我们对不同的语言和文化之间的异同进行研究，发现问题并找到解决问题的方法。 大量的研究表明，语言和语言的使用深深根植于特定的社会文化之中，离开了语言产生和使用的社会文化语境和交际语境，就不可能对语言做出深刻而全面的解释。禁忌是世界各民族之间普遍存在的一种文化现象，禁忌规范了人们的言语行为与社会交际。而中西文化的巨大差异直接导致了汉英禁忌语的迥异。所以，无论是在英语还是汉语中，我们都会遇到一些因传统或社会风俗不同，会引起对方强烈反感，结果导致了有些词语我们要避免使用，就是禁忌语, 如果对其缺乏了解或使用不当，就会造成双方的误会和误解。本文旨在从禁忌语的社会功用入手，以礼貌原则作为理论基础，深入分析了禁忌语语用失误现象，尝试找到解决误解和误会的语言策略，达到成功的跨文化交际。
关键词:禁忌语；跨文化；社会功用；礼貌原则
An Intercultural Analysis of English and Chinese Linguistic Taboos
Abstract: With the advancement of globalization, the interactions between different cultures have been increasingly intensified. When people with different cultural backgrounds communicate, they may encounter diverse problems, and consequently misunderstandings and conflicts may arise. There is, therefore, a need for research into the difference between different languages and cultures so that some effective problem-solving methods and strategies might be found. Numerous studies have shown that the language and its use are deeply rooted in the special social cultures. Without the social-cultural context and the use of language, it is impossible to make a profound and comprehensive explanation of language. Taboo is a commonly existing cultural phenomenon among nations in the world which regulates people’s language and social communication .The great difference between Chinese and English culture directly results in the great difference between Chinese and English taboo. Thus, both in Chinese and English, with the consideration of the different cultures and customs, we should avoid using offensive expressions: taboo, in international communication. If we do not understand them well or use them improperly, it will cause misunderstandings and misinterpretations between each other. The paper mainly focuses on the failures and errors caused by difference between English and Chinese taboos, by way of the analysis of the social functions of taboos, on the theoretical base of the Politeness Principle, trying to look for a effective strategy to solve the problem, in order to reach the successful intercultural communication.
Key Words: taboos; intercultural communication; social function; politeness theory
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