从《奥兰多》看伍尔夫的双性同体

伍尔夫被认为是二十世纪伟大的小说家和女权主义者。是伍尔夫第一次把“双性同体”思想引入文学批评领域，将其作为统一、完整的象征，拓展了该理论的意义空间。她在《一间自己的房间》中指出一位真正的作家的创作头脑应该是双性同体的，这样才能产生出最伟大的作品。她不单提出这个观点，还在她的作品中表现出来。在《奥兰多》中，伍尔夫描述了奥兰多变性前后接近四个世纪的生活经历。本文旨在通过分析弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫的“双性同体”理论，解读伍氏的奇幻传记小说《奥兰多》，揭示其女性主义思想。
本文先介绍伍尔夫一些著名作品及“双性同体”思想在国内外的研究概况，接着介绍伍尔夫对“双性同体”思想的理解，最后介绍《奥兰多》这部作品以及“双性同体”思想在作品中的体现。在《奥兰多》这部小说中，伍尔夫构造出一个她理想中的双性同体的诗人一一奥兰多。奥兰多曾经是个男人，后来变成了女人，变性后的奥兰多对自身的挣扎和迷茫并开始追求她作为女性在这个社会上的基本权利。

关键词: 伍尔夫；双性同体；《奥兰多》；女性主义
Abstract
 Virginia Woolf is recognized as a major twentieth-century author, a great novelist and a feminist. It is well acknowledged that it is Virginia Woolf who formally proposed the idea of androgyny in the field of literature. She mainly expressed the idea in her literary essay “A Room of One’s Own”. In this essay she claimed that only with an androgynous mind could a writer create great works. Woolf not only proposed the androgyny, but also applied the idea to her works. Orlando is the most fantastic one among her works. It describes Orlando’s about four centuries’ life. During this time, Orlando transformed from a man to a woman and different suffers. This thesis aims to analyze Woolf’s androgyny thought through Orlando.
This thesis attempts to discuss the theory of androgyny in Orlando from feminist view. Chapter one points out some Virginia Woolf’s famous works and the history of androgyny. Chapter two is about Virginia Woolf's androgyny idea. Chapter three introduces the novel Orlando and intends to analyze how Woolf displays her androgynous theory by creating a spokesperson for androgyny-Orlando, focusing on Orlando’s struggle and confusion after sex change. Orlando has enjoyed a privileged life when he was a young man with blue blood, but after he becomes a woman, Lady Orlando has to struggle for her basic rights in the patriarchal society. The thesis tries to find out what is the root cause of Orlando’s different experiences at different stages. Furthermore, the thesis is devoted to exploring to what extent Woolf has successfully attacked the sexism and what the deficiencies are in her androgynous theory.

Keywords: Woolf   Androgyny   Orlando   Feminism
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