从欧•亨利短篇小说看“欧•亨利式结尾”

欧•亨利作为美国最著名的短篇小说家之一，被誉为美国现代短篇小说之父，同时还和莫泊桑、契诃夫并称为世界三大短篇小说巨匠。他最著名的短篇小说集《四百万》和《命运之路》集合了像《麦琪的礼物》、《警察与赞美诗》和《最后的常春藤叶》等许多典型的“欧•亨利式结尾”的作品。
“欧•亨利式结尾”是欧•亨利写作中最具创造性的贡献。然而，光靠单一地分析某个人物或者抨击某种社会现象是无法了解其真正意义的。为了了解的真谛，本文意图通过文献研究法并结合观察法从社会背景、小人物的描写和作者自身环境与经历来对“欧•亨利式结尾”进行多角度的诠释和分析。从这些方面对“欧•亨利式结尾”进行研究从而揭露出了资本主义社会每况愈下的世风、对贫穷但快乐小人物的同情和赞扬、类比自己颠簸漂泊的人生写照。从种种方面抨击黑暗社会现实，由此引发对人性的思考与共鸣。这种“欧•亨利式结尾”不但对许多作家和小说写作风格起到借鉴作用同时还具有很强的社会意义。每年五月，位于奥斯汀的“欧•亨利博物馆”还会举办“世界双关语锦标赛”，这都是对欧•亨利及其写作风格的一种肯定。

关键词：“欧•亨利式结尾”；社会背景；人物形象；文学价值；社会意义
The Interpretation of “O’ Henry Ending” from His Short Novels

Abstract: As one of the most famous writers of short novels in America, O’ Henry has been praised as the father of modern short stories of America by people. Meanwhile, Maupassant, Chekhov and him were called three great masters of short novels of the world. His representative anthologies Four Million and Roads of Destiny gathered many typical short novels which used “O’ Henry ending”, like The Gift of the Magi, The Cop and the Anthem and The Last Leaf.
The most creative contribution of O’ Henry’s writing was “O’ Henry Ending”. However, we couldn’t realize the true meaning of “O’ Henry ending” if we just only analyze the characters or criticize the social phenomenon. In order to realize the true meaning of “O’ Henry ending”, this thesis will make use of literature research method and observation method from three aspects to explain or analyze, that is social background, the description of characters and life experience of O’ Henry. From these aspects to analyze “O’ Henry ending” would reveal the worse social background of capitalism, eulogy of character images and suggest O’ Henry own life experience. All of these not only fustigate social reality, but also let people have human nature reflection and resonance. This “O’ Henry ending” has great influence on the writing style of many writers or their short novels. Apart from that it also has strong social significance. In Austin, the O’ Henry Museum will be hold “pun in world championship” on May every year. This is an affirmation on O’ Henry and his writing style.

Keywords: “O’ Henry Ending”; Social Background; Image; Literary Value; Social Significance

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