从亲属称谓语看中美家庭观的差异
家庭观影响着人们在家庭以及社会生活中的思维方式和行为方式，是文化价值观研究的核心，整个社会文化价值观的形成都受家庭价值观的直接影响。英汉亲属称谓语体系是在各自的文化背景下形成的，必然存在很大的差异，其分别表现出的家庭观也必然不同。从亲属称谓语这一具有浓厚民族文化色彩的语言现象来对比研究中西方家庭价值观，对中西方的跨文化的顺利交流，具有重要的作用。国内外的学者和专家对中西家庭价值观和亲属称谓语从多方面、多角度进行了深入研究。但是很少有把两者相结合起来的文献资料。本文在已有研究成果的基础上，采取对比分析的方法，以概括英汉亲属称谓语的差异为切入点，透视中美家庭观的差异，探求中美家庭观差异的根源，正确看待、处理外来文化对传统文化的冲击。通过此次研究发现，英语的亲属称谓语体系比中国亲属称谓语体系要简单的多。他们不区分父系和母系亲属称谓，血亲和姻亲亲属称谓，亲属称谓语的泛化现象更是少见。从英汉亲属称谓语的对比中我们可以看出，中国传统家庭观的核心是对宗法观念的推崇,中华民族是大家庭观的拥护者。美国当代汉英亲属称谓语系统的发展与美国强调个性，独立，平等有关。中国和美国的家庭价值观差异的根源在于社会结构和文化的不同。此次研究将有利于中西跨文化的顺利进行，建立良好的人际关系。
关键词：亲属称谓语；家庭观；对比研究；跨文化交际
On the Differences of Family Values Embodied in Chinese and American Kinship Terms
Abstract: Family values include the ideas, attitudes and beliefs to family or marriage affairs, which affect people’s mode of thinking and behavior. It is the core of the cultural values study. Each culture has defined its own set of kinship terms and the roles they serve in society. In this case the family values are also different, if embodied in different kinship terms. Scholars from home and abroad have studied family values and kinship terms in many ways and from various conceivable perspectives due to its great significance. But unfortunately, they don't have the combination. This article adopts the method of comparative study. It summarizes the differences of Chinese and American kinship terms, and then analyzes the differences of the embodied family values. Further more, it explores the roots of the differences and finally puts forward some feasible suggestions. This research shows that the English kinship terms are not so complicated as the Chinese kinship terms. They distinguish their relatives without maternal kinship terms, paternal kinship terms, relation by marriage kinship terms and fictive use of kinship terms. From the comparison of Chinese and American kinship terms, we can see that the core of the Chinese traditional family values are the patriarchal belief and the Chinese nation advocates the extended family. The development of American kinship terms is related to the American people advocating freedom, independence, and equality. The roots of the difference of Chinese and American family values are related to the social structure, history, religion and cultural values. This study will help the people from the two countries understand each other's behavior, and make a contribution to the cross-cultural communication.
Keywords: Family Values; Kinship Terms; Comparative study; Cultural Communication.
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