我国存款准备金政策有效性的问题与对策
存款准备金率、再贴现率和公开市场业务是中央银行调控宏观经济的“三大法宝”。中央银行通过调整存款准备金率、再贴现率或在市场上公开买卖有价证券达到控制货币供给量，实施货币政策的目的。从其政策实施的效果来看，存款准备金率的调整会使货币乘数发生变化，其带来的影响是最为强烈和显著的，所以这个工具在各国是谨慎使用的，有些国家的存款准备金率甚至为0%。但是，近年来我国频繁使用存款准备金率的政策来调整宏观经济，使得中央银行的货币政策过度依赖这一单一的工具，势必会影响其效果的发挥。因此，在当今世界经济形势复杂多变的环境下，研究和探讨存款准备金制度的效用问题有助于对我国的货币政策有更加深刻的了解，并能够及时发现存在的缺点和不足进而提出有效的改革措施，使得货币政策的实施更有利于宏观经济的发展。本文通过对我国存款准备金制度的基本介绍，深入分析了存款准备金的作用原理，并用大量的数据和实例阐述存款准备金率的调整对我国经济产生的重大影响及存在的问题，最后提出合理的解决方法。
关键词：存款准备金政策；存款准备金率；货币供给量
The problems and countermeasures of the validity of China's deposit reserve system
ABSTRACT
The deposit reserve rate, the rediscount rate and the open market operations are "three magic weapons" for central bank to regulate macro economic. The central bank can control money supply by adjusting the discount rate or buying and selling securities in the public market in order to obtain the monetary policy purposes. From the point of the effect of the policy implementation, deposit reserve rate adjustment can make money multiplier changes, its effects are the most powerful and significant, so this tool in the world is used with caution, some countries' reserve-requirement ratio even for 0%. But, in recent years our frequently use of deposit reserve rate policy to adjust macroeconomic, forcing the central bank monetary policy excessive dependence on this single tool, certainly will affect its effect play. Therefore, in today's complex economic situation, it has more profound meaning to study and discuss the utility of monetary policy, and can help us discover the existing shortcomings and the insufficiency so that we can put forward the effective reform measures, making monetary policy more conducive to the implementation of the macro economy development. This paper mainly introduced the deposit reserve system, in-depth analysis of the basic principle of the deposit reserve role, and use a lot of data and examples to analyse the important influence and existing problems the deposit reserve rate adjustment on China's economic, and finally puts forward reasonable solutions.
Key words:Deposit reserve policy;Deposit reserve rate;Money supply
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