中西传统丧葬礼仪差异的文化解析

死亡文化的本质是生存文化，从一个民族的死亡文化中可以窥探到那个民族的全部生存哲学。丧葬礼仪作为一种文化现象，在丧葬文化中占有举足轻重的位置和影响。许多专家、学者已从宗教、哲学、价值观等角度对中西丧葬礼仪进行了研究。本文借鉴其他学者的研究成果，通过对比中西传统葬礼的程序特点及禁忌差异，从文化的角度对中西传统丧葬礼仪作对比分析。
本文具体分析了中西传统丧葬礼仪差异产生的文化原因。总的说来有三个原因：第一个是宗教文化；第二个是伦理文化；第三个是死亡观。由于儒家文化对中国传统文化的影响根深蒂固，西方传统文化与基督文化息息相关，因此本文所阐述的三方面的文化原因都与儒家文化与基督文化关系密切。
结论中指出，丧葬礼仪既有其保守性，也体现开放性。在全球化进程不断加快的现代社会，我们应该更好地发扬本国传统文化中的精髓，同时学习西方文化的先进方面，切实做到“中西合璧”。通过中西传统丧葬礼仪的比较研究，我们可以了解两种文化的共性和个性，这对于我们外语的学习，跨文化交际均有很大的指导作用。

关键词：丧葬礼仪；宗教；伦理；死亡观
The Cultural Analysis of the Differences between Traditional Chinese and Western Funeral Rituals

Abstract: The culture of death is culture of survival in essence. And we can have an overview of one nation’s surviving philosophy through its culture of death. As a cultural phenomenon, funeral rituals play an indispensable part in funeral culture. Many professors and scholars have studied this cultural phenomenon from the perspectives of religion, philosophy and values. As a result, achievements in the study of funeral rituals have been conspicuous. Thus, on the basis of others’ researches, this thesis attempts to do a comprehensive analysis of traditional Chinese and western funeral rituals by comparatively analyzing their differences in ceremony characteristics and taboos from the perspective of culture.
This thesis discusses three reasons: Religious Culture; Ethical Culture; and Concept of Life and Death. Due to the deep influence of Confucian culture on Chinese culture and close relation of Christian culture with western culture, the three culture reasons discussed in the thesis all greatly related to Confucian culture and Christian culture.
The thesis points out the two features of funeral rituals, namely inheritance and openness. With the acceleration of globalization, we should promote the essence of our traditional national culture and learn the progressed parts from western culture in this modern society. Through the contrastive study of traditional Chinese and western funeral rituals, we can learn a lot about both similarities and peculiarities of the two cultures, which are of considerable value and can certainly the guidance to our foreign language learning and cross-cultural communication.

Keywords: funeral ritual; religion; ethics; concept of life and death

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