性别差异与英语课堂教师话语

自上个世纪九十年代以来，性别差异对于教师课堂话语的影响引起了国外语言学家与教育学家的关注，而在国内，该方面的研究尚未引起足够的重视。教师话语作为课堂教学的主要组成部分，是指教师在课堂上进行教学时所使用的语言。在语言课堂上，教师话语对于教学的组织及学习者语言习得起着至关重要的作用，它既是教师组织教学的重要工具，又是学生习得语言知识的重要来源。
为了了解不同性别的英语教师使用教师话语的情况,并发现其中的差别与共同点，笔者对外语学院教师（4名男性，4名女性）以及其所带班级学生进行问卷调查。
本文的分析主要关注以下五个方面：男女教师的课堂导入；教师话语输出量；教师提问方式；教师对学生回答的反馈方式及教师母语使用情况。研究结果表明，男女教师话语既存在差异，也有相同点，主要表现为：
女性英语教师在课堂导入形式方面更具多样性；女性英语教师更多地使用课堂讨论是她们课堂话语输出量较少的原因,同时对学生而言，也意味着在课堂上有更多的说话机会。男性英语教师与女性英语教师均多使用积极反馈，而非消极反馈；男性英语教师与女性英语教师均偏向于使用参考式提问。
笔者希望该研究得到的启示对于提高教师教学水平和学生语言应用的能力有所帮助。

关键词：教师话语；性别差异；英语课堂
Gender Differences and Teacher Talk in English Classes: The Case of China Jiliang University

Abstract: Since the 1980s, the impact of gender differences on teacher talk has aroused the interest of foreign linguists and educators while the topic has not yet attracted enough attention in China. Teacher talk is a key component of classroom teaching and it refers to the speech that teachers use in the classroom. It is not only a means for teachers to organize the classroom but also the major source of comprehensible target language input of the learners.
  In order to find out the differences and similarities of teacher talk of different genders, the author conducted a questionnaire survey involving the teachers (4 males, 4 females) of the School of Foreign Languages in China Jiliang University as well as their students. The analysis focuses on the following five aspects: presentation style; the amount of teachers’ talk; question patterns; teachers’ feedback to students’ responses and teachers’ use of mother language.
The study shows there are differences and similarities in teacher talk of both genders. Female English teachers have more varieties in presentation style; more discussion in female English teachers’ class may result in less talking time for female teachers and it also indicates more speaking opportunities for students. Both male and female English teachers would use positive feedback rather than negative feedback; referential questions are favored by English teachers of both genders.
The author hopes the findings will facilite English teaching and learning .

Keywords: teacher talk; gender differences; English classes

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