美国俚语中的隐喻现象研究

俚语,是通俗的口头用语,属于俗语的一种,常带有方言性,往往是含有某种特别意义的时兴话。近年来,美国俚语在美国人的现代生活中发挥着极其重要的交际作用,它是美国英语的一个重要组成部分。今日的美国,男女老少的街谈巷议中甚至在上层社会和大学校园的交谈中无不夹杂着当代俚语;文学作品和报刊杂志上更是屡见不鲜。美国俚语可以说是雅俗共赏,通用面越来越大,它也逐渐成为现代英语口语的一大特点。隐喻作为一种修辞手法，无论是在日常口语交际，还是在文学阅读中，都是经常用到的。在美国俚语中，隐喻的使用更是极其普遍和频繁的现象。美国俚语过隐喻的表现方式，往往能引起读者和听众的感受和反应，使人们如见其行，如闻其声，使语言根据说理性，起着化平淡为生动，化深奥为浅显，化抽象为具体以及化冗长为简洁的作用，达到生动诙谐逼真的表达效果，给使用者带来极大乐趣。因此，美国人在日常口语交际过程中时常喜欢使用带隐喻的俚语来进行交流。由此可见,美国俚语对于语言的生动性、形象性起着十分重要的作用。本文意在从隐喻修辞格角度来探究美国俚语，将俚语修辞格研究更加细化，具体化；剖析美国俚语中的隐喻现象；探讨隐喻修辞格赋予美国俚语的特点；总结出对于美国俚语的新的认知和体会；提高对语言的理解能力和交际能力。

关键字：美国俚语；修辞格；隐喻

Study on Metahpors in American Slang
Abstract: Slang, as a common colloquial language, can be categorized into colloquialism. It is usually spoken by people in improvisational way to express special meanings. In recent years, as the development of the language, American slang plays a very important role in American people’s life, and shows its significance in American people’s daily communications. It is accepted by both upper-class and lower-class, and especially the college students who tend to use up-to-date slang to form their characteristic styles. Therefore American slang can be used or appreciated by people in all educational levels, and it becomes more and more popular. Using slang in daily conversations and communications has become a great feature of the modern English. As a kind of figures of speech, metaphor can be often found in both daily communications and literature works. In American slang, using metaphor is quite a common and frequent phenomenon. Thus, in that way, slang can activate the audiences’ feelings and reactions. It makes the ordinary things more vivid; makes the lengthy things simpler; makes the abstract more specific; and makes the abstruseness easier to understand. Through those kinds of lifelike and humorous expressions, American slang brings great enjoyments to the users. That’s why Americans often like to use the slang terms to communicate with others in their daily lives. Therefore, the American slang is very important to American English. This thesis refines the study of figures of speech in American slang from the angle of metaphor, and elaborates the phenomenon of using metaphors in American slang, and analyses features that metaphors bring to American slang, and draws a conclusion on acquisitions and experiences about the study.
Keywords: American Slang; figures of speech; metaphor

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