文化差异视角下的英文版《伊索寓言》中动物习语的汉译

习语是语言必不可少的一部分，而语言又同文化相互依存，因此习语通常带有非常浓厚的文化色彩，习语翻译的实质就是对文化的翻译。文学翻译是一种语言的转移，翻译在进行语言转换的同时还进行着文化转换。在伊索寓言这部人们熟知的名著中，存在大量的习语，所以习语之间的翻译也就成了翻译此篇作品的一大重点。由于两国的文化存在极大的不同，生存环境，风俗习惯以及宗教等方面的不同都增加了翻译的难度。为了更好地进行交流，译者不仅要熟悉不同语言的差异，还要熟悉不同文化的差异，而从研究文化差异入手去研究习语翻译，便可最大限度地传达语言载体所承载的全部信息。
近几十年来对于习语的研究引起了国内学者诸如陈文伯、杨自俭、郁福敏等的广泛注意：汉英成语词典(1982)，《英汉成语词典》(1993)及当代英语习语大辞典》(1999)等也相续问世。习语的翻译及研究已经引起了人们相当大的关注。然而对于英语文学名著之中的习语研究却是寥寥无几，尤其是对有着大量动物习语的中外名著伊索寓言而言，有关其翻译策略的研究及论著更是少有问津。本文从文化差异角度出发，对文化差异与习语翻译之间的关系以及伊索寓言中习语的特点和翻译习语的策略进行了研究，以期引起关于名著之中的习语及其翻译的更多的关注及思考。
本文首先对中外权威学者或者字典中给出的习语定义进行了分析和对比，研究发现影响习语不同的关键因素在于文化背景的不同，同时对中外习语研究的现状进行了综述与分析。其次，作者根据文化差异对习语的影响，重点分析了文化差异与习语之间的关系。随后，作者通过举例分析对比研究了习语，尤其是伊索寓言之中的习语的主要特点。 最后，作者重点探讨了习语翻译实践中行之有效的三种策略——直译法， 意译法以及直译意译结合。 通过上述阐述和例证，作者重点强调了习语的翻译必须深入了解双方的文化背景，习语来源与习语特点，从而采取相应的策略， 以期获得优秀的译文。

关键词:  习语； 文化差异；  概念隐喻
Abstract

Idioms are a part of the language, and language is the product of culture. Language is endowed with culture-loaded meaning or connotations, which are produced in and connected with national culture in a particular nation, and people’s mentality in a particular community. As treasure of language and culture, idioms are strongly characterized with historical and cultural features, displaying some predominant characteristics of the national culture of English and Chinese. Owing to the cultural differences, every nation entrusts to its language different implications, which are different from their literal meaning.
The study of idioms had been proceeding well since the 1970s in China, where Yang Zijian, Chen Wenbo, and Yu Fumin are seemed as the forerunners in this field. Except this, some dictionaries are the most influential of all the monographs on this subject available domestically, such as A Chinese-English Dictionary of Idioms (1982), An English-Chinese Dictionary of Idioms (1993) and A Dictionary of Current Idiomatic English (1999) and so on. With the deepening of intercultural communication between China and Western world, Idioms translation, as a form of cultural contact, obliviously plays an important role in communication between cultures with different backgrounds. Yet few is found about the research of idioms and the translation strategies in famous English literary works, particularly the classical Aesop's Fables with large quantity of animal idioms. This paper is about the relationship between cultural differences and idioms translation and the idioms characteristics and translation strategies in Aesop's fables, so as to arouse more attention and thinking about the idioms in famous English literary works and its translation.
Firstly, the author makes a research about the definitions of idioms made by authoritative scholars or dictionary, in order to finds out that the prominent factor is cultural differences. Meanwhile she makes an review and analysis about the statement of idioms research. Secondly, she makes an analysis about the relationship between cultural differences and idioms translation according to the influence of cultural differences on idioms translation. Thirdly, the author studies the idioms characteristics in Aesop’s Fables by making some examples. Finally, it is a thorough discussion on the strategies of idioms translation——literal translation approach, liberal translation approach and literal-plus-liberal translation approach. The research has been fully explored or studied in the idioms definitions, idioms origins, idioms characteristics and idioms translation strategies. Therefore, the study of English and Chinese idioms and their translation will remain to be the author’s further research focus.  

Key Words:  Idioms;  Cultural Differences;  Conceptual Metaphor

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