浅谈变声期的生理保护与声乐训练

青春期是人体的生理变化过程中的一个重要的时期。青春期显著特点之一是儿童的嗓音由清脆、稚气的童声向成人嗓音转变。这种从童声变为成人声音的生理变化叫作生理性变声，医学上把生理性变声所经历的时间和过程叫作变声期。男孩一般在12一15岁，女孩一般在11一13岁。变声期是人在成长发育阶段嗓音由童音向成年音转变的一个正常的生理变化阶段，是发声器官成长发育的必然现象和关键时期。
文章共分三个章节：第一章，变声期青少年的生理特征和心理特征。主要从生理学、心理学的角度阐述变声期青少年的生理、心理及音乐心理特征和规律。第二章，青少年变声期常见问题及嗓音的保护。主要论述错误的教学和训练方法、不良的生活习惯、地域环境和气候、疾病等对变声期嗓音的影响，从而得出结论:如果没有正确的保护好嗓音，就会造成成人之后嗓音沙哑、发声吃力等现象。因此，变声期的嗓音保护应当引起足够的重视。第三章，采取科学的方法进行变声期的声乐教学和训练。文章通过教与学的实践，对青少年采取科学教学和训练，不仅能帮助青少年顺利度过变声期，还能帮助青少年在变声期进行科学的歌唱练习。
关键词：变声期；变声期心理；变声期声乐教学

Discussion on the changing period of physiological protection and vocal training
 
Abstract: Puberty in the human body and the physiological changes during at an important period. However, one of the outstanding characteristics of children in adolescence is voice by crisp, childish treble to adult voice transformation. The boys into adult sound physiological changes is called physiological change of voice, medicine to physiological changing in time and process is called the changing period. Like the boy in12at the age of 15, a 13 year old girl in the 11 general. Voice is a period in the growth and development stages from children to adult tone of voice transformation of a normal physiological changes in the phase of growth and development, is the inevitable phenomenon of vocal organs and critical period.
The article is divided into three chapters: the first chapter, the changing period of adolescents and psychological characteristics of the physical characteristics. Mainly from the physiology, psychology point of view of the changing period of Adolescents Psychological and physiological, psychological characteristics and laws of music. The second chapter, youth voice of common problems and voice protection. Mainly discusses the errors in the teaching and training method, bad living habits, geographical environment and climate, disease and so on the changing period of voice effects, thus draws the conclusion: if not properly protect the voice, it will cause adult after husky, difficulty speaking phenomenon. Therefore, the changing period of voice protection ought to cause enough attention. The third chapter, take scientific approaches to the changing period of vocal teaching and training. Through the practice of teaching and learning, on adolescent adopt scientific teaching and training, not only can help adolescents go through puberty, but also can greatly improve the adolescent 's vocal music level.
Key words: the changing period, the changing period of psychology, the changing period of vocal music teaching.

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