中美商业银行信用风险管理比较分析

信用风险无论在过去还是现在，都是商业银行面临的主要风险，信用风险管理是商业银行经营管理系统的重要组成部分。银行自身的信用风险管理水平和金融监管机构的外部风险监管水平决定了以银行为承载体的金融市场的稳定、安全与效率。因此，一国或地区的商业银行信用风险管理系统的运行效率会对该国或地区整个金融体制安全运转起决定性影响。
本文首先解释银行信用风险并介绍了我国商业银行信用风险的现状，进而从银行法制建设、商业银行信用风险管理组织体系、商业银行信用风险评级方法体系及信用风险监管等方面对中美商业银行信用风险管理进行对比，然后根据比较分析我国商业银行信用风险管理存在不足的原因，主要有外部环境的问题、商业银行自身体制的问题、缺乏良好的银行信用文化和风险意识这三个方面，最后提出改善我国商业银行信用风险管理的对策。
中国国有商业银行已经进行了20年左右的产权制度改革（即商业化），随后则国有四大商业银行相继上市，股权结构改革的完成标志着产权基础制度安排边个的基本完成，以国外商业银行信用风险管理系统的演进历史为参照，引进先进的信用风险管理工具，构建符合现代金融市场需求的微观信用管理机制成为银行制度演进的新的方向，同时，围绕着这一方向，政府的行为方向也应作出相应的调整，进一步引导商业银行使其成为健康独立并具有竞争力的市场参与主体。

关键词：商业银行；信用风险；比较分析；对策
A Comparative Analysis of Credit Risk Management of Commercial Banks of U.S. and China

Abstract
 
Credit risk is the main risk that all commercial banks have to face. Credit risk management is the important part of management system of commercial bank. The stability, security and efficiency of the financial market, takes banks as the carrier, are determined by the bank's own credit risk management level and financial regulator’s external risk management level. Therefore, the operating efficiency of a country or region of commercial bank credit risk management system will play a decisive impact on the safe operation of the entire financial system of the country or region.
This paper first explain the bank's credit risk and give a brief introduction of the current situation of China’s commercial bank’s credit risk, and then makes a systemic comparative analysis on the credit risk management in commercial banks between U.S. and China from the aspects of banking legal system construction, commercial bank credit risk management organization system, commercial banks credit risk rating methodologies and credit risk regulatory contrast, followed by analysis on the reasons of defects existing in our commercial banks’ credit risk management according to the comparison. The mainly problems are of three aspects such as the external environment, the system of commercial banks, the lack of good credit culture and risk awareness. In the end, this paper provides some countermeasures to improve China's commercial bank credit risk management.
The reform of property institution of Chinese banks has been carried through for more than twenty years, the four biggest state banks’ turning into stock companies one after the other indicates that the reform of the partition of basal property rights is coming to the end. Referring to the course of the development of foreign banks’ credit risk management, introducing advanced tools and building modern microcosmic mechanism of credit risk management should become new direction of the next step of reform. According to the aim, the government’s behaviors should also adjust to induce the commercial banks to become independent and flushing participator on the market.

Key words: commercial banks; credit risk; comparative analysis; countermeasures

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