司法过程中的法律方法
法律方法是法治理想成为可能的条件之一。本文通过对种种法律方法关系的梳理，揭示了法律方法对维护法治的积极意义。笔者认为，法律发现是法律方法中首先使用的方法，而法律推理则是由成文法向判决转换的必用方法。在法律发现到法律推理的过程中，法律解释、法律论证、价值衡量、漏洞补充等都发挥着重要作用。通过对法律方法的探讨与检视，表明法律决不只是纯粹的逻辑和技术问题，而要考虑社会结构、价值规范以及公共政策等的潜在影响。通常认为法律方法分为法律解释和法律补充两类，而法律补充则主要有类推、目的性限缩、反向推论、法官对法律的合理违背。上述多种法律方法并存所导致的难题致使法官不知如何选择，不仅是外部交叉，即使法学内部的交叉研究也是非常重要的。特别是法律方法论的研究更应该注意学科的交叉，而不能一味地偏向哲学和逻辑学。如何运用法律方法，克服事实与规范之问的矛盾与紧张，从而把事实与规范有机联结在一起，这可以说构成法律方法所要研究的基本理论问题。法律方法作为基于司法裁判实践经验的理论表达，凝聚着人们对法律世界特别是司法裁判的方式、路径和结果的理解和智慧，是法律人自我构造出来又独立于法律人的客观知识体系
关键词:司法过程;法律方法;法律原则;司法实践
Analysis of legal methods in judicial process
Abstract :Legal methodology is one of conditions which make the ideal of rule of law possible.This article explores the significance oflegal methods in maintaining rule of law.Finding law is the first method to be applied,the method of legal reasoning is necessary in the changing from statute to judging.In theprocess from finding the law to legal reasoning,interpretation of law,analysis and prove of law,balance ofvalues,filling theloopholes all play important roles. the judicial process is the decision by the court of controversies between individuals by rational and not merely personal considerations supposedly based on law and justice Through the legal method discussion and review, indicated that the law is not only the pure logic and technical problems, and must consider the social structure, value norms and public policy's potential impact.Usually considered legal methods are divided into two categories of legal interpretation and legal supplement, and legal supplement mainly analogy, purposive restrictions, reverse inference, judge on legal rational against.The various legal methods exist problem that caused judges do not know how to choose, is not only external crossover, internal crossover study even if the law is also very important.Especially the legal methodology research should pay more attention to cross of discipline, and not blindly towards philosophy and logic.How to use legal method, overcome the facts and norms of contradiction and tension, so as to the facts and norms are linked together, it can be said to constitute a legal method to study the basic theory problem.Legal methods as based on the judicial practice experience theoretical expression, condensing the legal world especially judicial way, path and results in the understanding and wisdom, is the legal person of self structure and independent legal person's objective knowledge system
KEY WORDS：the judicial process；Legal methodology；principle of law；Judicial practice
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