《哈姆雷特》中奥菲利亚悲剧成因分析

 时代的灵魂威廉姆•莎士比亚（1564-1616），他的悲剧作品在欧洲文学史上起着举足轻重的作用。作为四大悲剧之一的《哈姆雷特》亦不例外。
   《哈姆雷特》是一部以复仇为主题的悲剧，因此长期以来学者们更多关注于主人公哈姆雷特的复仇行动之上，而鲜少在女主人公奥菲利亚身上。奥菲利亚出场不多，性格也不复杂，因此戏里戏外常常不受重视，犹如一个点缀。
但是这样一个看似简单的人物，其悲剧性值得我们仔细琢磨。本文以男权社会下的女性形象和女性主义为理论基础，通过对奥菲利亚在剧中出现的相关情节的文本细读，探索奥菲利亚悲剧成因。文中分析和评述了奥菲利亚在男权社会下的性格特点，即天真、脆弱和顺从，一直以来在个性、灵魂和角色方面遭遇的冷落和忽视，尝试分析造成其悲剧的社会根源，从而得出结论，奥菲利亚之死是以男性话语为权力为中心的一种必然结果。男权社会对女性的压制与忽视使奥菲利亚始终处于边缘化的生存状态。
关键词：奥菲利亚；男权主义；悲剧；《哈姆雷特》

Abstract
    Shakespeare (1564-1616), known as the “Soul of the Age”, whose tragedies has played an important role in the history of European literature. Being one of the four tragedies, Hamlet is not an exception.
    As revenge is the theme of Hamlet, most of the scholars has paid more attention to the protagonist Hamlet’s revenge action, but less on the heroine Ophelia. Ophelia, whose character is not complicated, does not appear too much and is often ignored on and off screen, just like an ornament.
   However, the seemingly simple character is worth pondering carefully because of the tragedy she suffers. By means of feminism theories and female images in patriarchal society and details in Hamlet related as evidence, the author will try to explore the causes of the tragedy of Ophelia. Analyzing Ophelia’s personality in patriarchal society, which includes innocence, obedience and fragility and the neglection and desolation she suffers in the form of personality, soul and role, this thesis  tries to find out the social roots of the tragedy and draws the conclusion that the death of Ophelia is inevitable due to the reason that men have the power of discourse. Ophelia remains in a state of marginalization due to the oppression and neglection to the female from patriarchal society.
Key Words: Ophelia; patriarchy; tragedy; Hamlet

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