简奥斯丁《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》和《爱玛》中长姐的形象分析
简•奥斯丁作为新古典主义的女性作家，一共创作了六部作品，国内外的专家学者们对这六部作品进行了深入的研究和分析。许多学者已经深入地研究其作品中的人物形象、主题内容和故事情节，为读者们提供了许多解读的角度。
在她的作品中，女主角通常是妹妹，寄托了作者追寻自由爱恋和婚姻的希冀；而长姐通常都是作为女主角的衬托进行姐妹间的对比研究，横向讨论奥斯丁不同的作品中的姐姐集体形象的研究很少。因此，为了填补这一研究的空白，本论文从《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》、《爱玛》这三部有较多关于姐姐形象描写的作品入手，站在女性主义批评的角度，总结出在奥斯丁作品中姐姐们集体形象，探讨作者对于这一形象的创作脉络。此外，本文也会从时代背景、作者生平以及作者对形象的刻画探索作者笔下的长姐是怎么被塑造的。研究显示，长姐们在《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》和《爱玛》中的集体形象完美无瑕，同时，她们通过自我压抑以满足男性的欲望，并且将当时处于支配地位的父权主义内化成为自我要求。长姐的形象，实际上是维多利亚时期大部分女性的缩影；她们的喜剧结局一定程度上体现了作者对于父权社会的妥协。
关键词：简•奥斯丁,长姐，集体形象，女性主义批评
ABSTRACT
Jane Austen, a renowned neoclassicism female writer, wrote altogether six novels, which have been widely studied by critics at home and abroad. Most researchers dig deep into the characters, the themes and the plot of her novels, providing numerous perspectives from which the readers can interpret them.
Among the previous researches, the eldest sisters are usually studied as a comparison to the younger sisters, on whom the author placed her hope for the pursuit of free love and marriage. Yet, few studies have been done on the collective image of the eldest sisters in Jane Austen’ s novels. In an attempt to fill the blank, this thesis will summarize the collective image of the eldest sisters in Jane Austen’ s Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility and Emma, which contain many portrayals of the eldest sisters, in light of feminist criticism. Furthermore, this thesis will explore how these eldest sisters are made based on a combined study of the social background, author’s life, and literary techniques Austen applied in characterization. The analysis shows that the collective image of eldest sisters in Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility and Emma is flawless, and they constrain themselves to fulfill men’ s desire. During this process, they internalize the reigning patriarchal ideology, making it the requirement for themselves. The eldest sisters are an epitome of most females of the Victorian era and their happy endings partly reflect the author’s compliance to the patriarchal society.
Key Words: Jane Austen, eldest sisters, collective image, feminist criticism
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