字本位与对外汉语教学

西方语言学理论对汉语语法研究的影响几乎持续了一个世纪，这种情形下将汉语研究的成果运用到对外汉语教学领域中，必然会产生文不对题的教学路子问题。所以，如何把握汉语的特点，无论在汉语语法研究领域还是对外汉语教学领域一直是人们不断思索的问题。《马氏文通》以来对外汉语教学界一直以词本位的教学方法为主。而在词本位教学理论的影响下，汉字的教学一直是对外汉语教学的弊病之一，汉语课堂中汉字的功能并未得到充分发挥，对于非汉字文化圈的学生来说，汉字几乎成了汉语学习的障碍。字本位理论是针对汉语自身特点提出的一种语法理论，对汉语语言现象有很强的解释力；对外汉语教学实践也已显示出其显著的教学效果。本文通过对字本位和词本位两种汉语语言观进行对比，探讨字本位之于比词本位优势，以及如何使字本位更好的服务于对外汉语教学。

关键词：现代汉语语法；对外汉语教学；字本位；词本位

On Character–Based Chinese Teaching in TCFL
Abstract: The importance of Western linguistic theory on Chinese grammar has almost continued for a century. If we directly apply the results of the study of Chinese to the field of Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language, there would be a lot of problems on teaching methods. So, how to grasp the characteristics of the Chinese is constantly thought by people in terms of field of study of Chinese grammar or Chinese as a Foreign Language Teaching. Since the "Ma Shi Wen Tong" published Chinese as a foreign language teaching profession has been mainly guided by word-based teaching methods, under the influence of word-based teaching theory, the teaching of Chinese characters has been one of the defects of the TCFL and Chinese characters in the Chinese classroom have not been fully realized, for students of non-Chinese cultural circle, the characters almost become barriers to learning Chinese. The "standard" theory is a syntax for Chinese theory, the phenomenon of the Chinese language has a strong explanatory power; the TCFL practice also has shown a significant teaching function. This article is to explore the Primacy of characters in the word-based advantage, and how to better word-based services in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language by comparing two kinds of word-based and Character -based Chinese language concept.

Keywords: Modern Chinese Grammar; TCFL; Word Based; Character Based

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