从声调偏误角度探究对外汉语声调教学法

外国人学习汉语首先从语音入手，而语音的难点在于声调，声调具有区分意义的功能。汉语同音词很多，如果不能准确地读好声调，会出现更多音近、音同的现象，就更难听懂了。声调教学在整个对外汉语教学体系中，占有举足轻重的位置。声调是在口语交流中最容易出错的地方，甚至容易发生误解。本文从声调教学的重要性，研究现状和存在的问题入手分析，通过对母语为声调语言的汉语学习者和母语为非声调语言的汉语学习者的声调偏误类型和成因的分析，进而探讨了具有针对性的纠正声调偏误的教学方法。对于目前声调教学中存在的一些问题，从教学手段、对外汉语教师的素质，教材等方面提出了措施进行改革，逐步对汉语学习者的声调偏误进行纠正，逐渐改变受母语影响的“洋腔洋调”，增强声调教学效果，将汉语更好地教授给外国人。

关键词：对外汉语；声调教学；声调偏误；洋腔洋调；
Approach to Tone Teaching in TCFL with a Study of Tone Errors
Abstract: In learning Chinese, foreigners usually start from learning pronunciation. The difficulty of pronunciation lies in the tones. The tones can distinguish the significance of words. In Chinese, there are many homophones. If one can not read the tones accurately, it is difficult to understand the meaning of words. Tone teaching in TCFL system occupies a pivotal position. Tones are the most error-prone in oral communication, and even prone to misunderstanding. Therefore, tone learning is the basis of correct pronunciation. In recent studies of tone teaching, some scholars have pointed out that tone errors deepened the understanding of the characteristics of tone acquisition for learners with different native language background, but there are some inadequacies. This paper analyzes types and causes of tone errors made by learners of Chinese speaking tonal native language and non-tonal native language, and explores a relevant approach to tone teaching in TCFL. Furthermore, as to the problems in tone teaching, some improvement needs to be made from the aspects of teaching methods, the quality of teachers, teaching materials and so on. The learners need to correct the tones errors gradually and change the “foreign accent” influenced by their mother-tongue influence to enhance the effect of tone teaching and transfer Chinese to foreigners better.
 
Keywords: TCFL; Tone teaching; Tone errors; Foreign accent;

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