约瑟夫•海勒《第二十二条军规》的反讽艺术

美国当代小说家约瑟夫•海勒是“黑色幽默”小说的代表作家，其《第二十二条军规》展现了二战期间疯狂、荒谬、无秩序和非理性的美国社会全景。海勒通过“第二十二条军规”这一象征符揭露了美国社会官僚与资本势力相互勾结的现象及其给普通民众带来的巨大痛苦。
《第二十二条军规》的成就与其中的独特艺术手法—反讽—密不可分。海勒用一系列看似不合逻辑的语言和事件揭示出高度逻辑背后的荒谬。本文第一章简要地梳理反讽内涵和反讽的类型；第二章结合文本，具体分析情境反讽的运用；第三章论述作品中的言语反讽—克制陈述和夸大陈述；第四章从修辞角度对作品的反讽手法进行分析—重复和矛盾修饰法；第五章分析这一反讽手法的社会价值和文学价值。第六章总结全文。
研究表明，作为《第二十二条军规》的核心艺术手法，反讽是成就其“黑色幽默”特色的主要因素。
 
关键词：约瑟夫•海勒；《第二十二条军规》；反讽；情节
Abstract

American contemporary writer Joseph Heller is a representative of “black humor” novelists. In his masterpiece Catch-22, Heller provides us a panorama of American society during the World War II: the mad, absurd and disordered waste land. With the symbol “the catch-22”, he discloses the collusion between the American bureaucrats and capitalism and the great pains they bring to the ordinary people.
The great achievement Catch-22 derives from its art of irony which is used to unveil the absurdity behind the high-level logic with the so-called illogical matters and language. Firstly, the thesis gives a brief introduction to the category and concept of irony. Secondly, with close textual analysis, the use of situational irony will be analyzed in detail. The third part focuses on verbal irony in Catch-22, i.e., understatement and overstatement. Fourthly, the thesis analyzes irony as rhetoric. The fifth part further discusses both social and literary significances of irony in Catch-22. The last part concludes the whole thesis.
In conclusion, irony is the essential technique of Catch-22, which explains why it belongs to the novel of “black humor”. 

Keywords: Joseph Heller; Catch-22; Irony; Plot

*若需了解更多与协助请咨询↓→[电脑QQ][手机QQ]【数据协助】