论对外汉语教学中的“文化失语”现象

近些年来，中国文化的失语现象越来越受关注，这突出表现在英语学习方面，即一味地强调目的语文化教学,中国文化知识及英文表达都存在不同程度的“失语”现象，尤其是中国文化的英文表达还不具备向外输出、弘扬本民族优秀文化的良好能力。其实，不仅英语教学中存在这个问题，对外汉语教学中也同样存在。目前很多对外汉语教师无法流利地用英语表达汉语文化，影响了教学效果；外国留学生在学习中文时也同样存在文化失语现象，他们在学习过程中，片面注重对中国文化的学习和文化的了解，而忽视了把本国文化与目的地文化结合，影响了学习效率，也不利于文化的交流融合。本文通过对“文化失语”现象成因的探究及对目前对外汉语教学中存在的“文化失语”现象的分析研究，阐明在对外汉语教学中采取双语双文化教学的必要性与重要性，进而探索出提高对外汉语教学水平的策略，以避免对外汉语教学中文化失语现象的发生乃至恶化，从而促进多元文化的和谐共处，达到跨文化交流中的双赢模式。

关键词：双语双文化；对外汉语；文化失语；教学策略

On Cultural Aphasis in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language
Abstract: In recent years, the phenomenon of “Cultural Aphasis” has been paid great attention to, which mainly reflects in English learning. Both the learners and teachers are attaching too much importance to target language culture teaching rather than native culture. As a consequence, both their knowledge of Chinese culture and English expressions have aphasia to varying degrees, especially that their English expressions are not enough for conveying native outstanding culture.Actually, the similar thing is also happening when the teachers are teaching Chinese as a foreign language as well as the foreigners are learning Chinese. During the process of learning, they make efforts to understand Chinese culture but ignore combining native culture with target language culture, which has a bad effect on learning efficiency, cultural exchange and integration. This paper aims at clarifying the necessity and significance of bilingual and bicultural teaching during the process of teaching Chinese as a foreign language through probing into the causes and consequences of Cultural Aphasis and the theories of bilingual and bicultural teaching.By drawing both teachers’ and students’ attention to culture when teaching or learning a language, the continuously worsening of Cultural Aphasis can be avoided. At the same time, the author searches for better strategies of teaching Chinese as a foreign language in order to promote harmonious co-existence of various cultures and realize mutual benefits in cross-cultural communication.
 
Keywords: bilingual and bicultural; teaching Chinese as a foreign language; Cultural Aphasis; instructional strategies

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