英语语篇中的连贯与衔接研究——以雅思托福为例

近年来，随着中国留学生数量的增加，考雅思与托福的人数也直线上升趋势。然而由于中西方思维不同，很多学生在短短的考试时间里很难彻底理解阅读考试所考的内容。但迄今为止，对于雅思与托福阅读研究的论文依旧是少之又少。
本论文将用五种不同的连贯性手段来探究雅思和托福阅读考试中部分文章的连贯性，采取Word和Excel等方式，分析了数据差异后，得出了如下结论：1）大部分的文章首先采用的连贯手段为连接词与词汇连接，其次为指称、代替，最后为省略。2）雅思与托福考试中，采用的连贯手段方式基本相同。
数据分析清楚表明了连贯手段中，连接词与词汇连接在雅思和托福的自然科学类说明文章中的重要性。因而对于雅思或托福老师，在教学中可提醒学生们利用文章的连贯性来做题；而对于考生们来说，则可以通过常见的连接词汇来理解文章，以便在短时间内完成阅读题目。

关键词：衔接，连贯性，雅思，托福

Abstract

In recent years, the number of Chinese students studying abroad is on a steady rise, leading to the increasing importance of taking TOEFL and IELTS tests. For many Chinese students, reading comprehension tests within a limited time are difficult. However, investigations and studies related to the reading texts in TOEFL or IELTS from the perspective of cohesion remain scarce.
This study based on the theoretical framework of cohesion and coherence theory put forward by Halliday & Hasan(1976), will focus on the investigations of five types of cohesion-reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction, and lexical cohesion of reading texts in the above internationally-recognized English tests. Excel and Word are utilized to analyze the collected date in an attempt to find out the most common types of cohesion in IELTS and TOEFL chosen passages, and to find out the similarities or differences between these two foreign language tests, which will to a great extent facilitate or hinder students’ comprehension.
The results reveal: 1) The most common types of cohesion for IELTS and TOEFL are conjunction and lexical cohesion, followed by reference, while substitution and ellipsis are of very low frequency; 2) The cohesive devices employed by IELTS and TOEFL chosen texts are nearly identical.
The popular use of cohesive devices indicates that the significance of noticing cohesion in IELTS and TOEFL reading tests, especially for conjunction and lexical cohesion. For teachers, they should remind their students of realizing this fact; and for examines, the cohesion can help them to understand the passage within a limited time.

Key words: cohesion, coherence, IELTS, TOEFL

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