从生态批评角度分析《野性的呼唤》

杰克•伦敦是二十世纪早期的美国著名的作家，他的思想受到查尔斯达尔文和赫伯特斯宾塞的影响。生态问题是现代和当代人类所面临的很重要的社会问题。在中国对杰克伦敦的作品用生态批评的思想审视是比较新颖的角度并具有一定的现实意义和价值。
本文试图从生态的角度对《野性的呼唤》进行研究，探讨体现在小说中的生态思想。论文进一步研究从生态批评的角度通过小说中人类中心主义和工业文明的批判。通过这部小说展现出工业文明对人性的异化以及使其道德的沦丧。通过这一系列的揭示与批判，作者表达了回归自然的强烈愿望。作者也在这部作品中提出了解决这些问题的方法：重新审视人类本质和人在自然界中的地位以及人与自然之间的关系。人类应该从生态整体的利益出发，承担起保护大自然的责任并且使人类的物质生活简单化从而创造出一种人与自然和谐相处，人类回归大自然的状态。这应该是人类发展的新方向。
本文通过对《野性的呼唤》中人类中心主义和工业文明的批判、所蕴含的生态思想的分析，进一步深化了从生态批评角度对该小说的研究，认识到杰克•伦敦的生态意识。
 
关键词：《野性的呼唤》；生态批评；和谐；自然
Abstract

Jack London was a famous writer in the early 20th century in America, and he was thoroughly devoted himself to the idea of Charles Darwin, and Herbert Spencer. Ecological problem is one of the biggest social problems that human world faces in the modern and contemporary. The Call of the Wild is one of London's most-read books, in China; the study in Jack London and his novels on the view of ecological criticism is new. It is significant and valuable to study this topic.
This paper tries to analyze the novel The Call of the Wild ecologically, use the ecological thoughts embodied in this novel. In The Call of the Wild, Jack London showed the alienation of human nature and degradation of moralities under industrial civilization in capitalist society. And all these expressed his wish to return to nature. In the end, with such wish, London actually envisions a new ecological paradigm based on a new human-nature harmony. Humans should consider the interests of the whole nature, take responsibilities to protect it and simplify their material lives. In this way, they can create a harmonious human-nature relationship which they can co-existence and co-development with nature.
This thesis takes on a further research from the perspective of Eco-criticism by criticizing anthropocentrism and industrial civilization in the novel. From the research, we can understand London’s ecological awareness.

Key words: The Call of the Wild; Eco-criticism; Harmony；Nature

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