善与恶：《雾都孤儿》中人性二元化的分析与实质人性的二元化--善与恶，作为人类思考和研究的永恒主题之一，从古至今反映在许多的文学作品中。《雾都孤儿》中, 狄更斯用其夸张讽刺和感伤主义创建目前居住在伦敦黑暗的工业社会的角色。本文的主题是善与恶的区别, 公共机构虚伪的态度和行为,以及个人主义理论的瑕疵。狄更斯使用错误的身份和家庭关系创造一个故事,通过街道贫困的方式，密切联系一个善良孤儿的旅程。这部小说也是对当时社会的真实写照，是一部批判现实主义的小说。本研究旨在以这部作品为例分析讨论其中的人性二元论和人道主义思想。
本研究由两部分构成。第一部分为引言，对狄更斯和《雾都孤儿》以及维多利亚文学时代做出简略的介绍。第二部分分为两章，第一章阐述了狄更斯所推崇的人道主义。即强调“人类之爱”，他的思想武器是以“人性论”为基础的人道主义，主张用非暴力手段完善社会体制，以发扬人类天性中的善心去战胜社会中的罪恶，提倡情感教育，寄希望于剥削者的良心发现，改恶从善。小说的主题则贯穿了对人的自然天性的肯定，对弱者的同情与悲悯，为小人物的不幸而呐喊，对功利主义，拜金主义，异化人性的批判。第二章则是对女性主义的伦理分析。小说通过对主要的女性人物和小角色的女性人物的形象和性格分析，对人性二元化的根源与实质进行阐述。
《雾都孤儿》中人物性格的双重性和作者自我道德标准是人性二元化的体现。而形成这中人性二元化的根源与实质将给我们带来新的思考，因此，分析维多利亚时代人性二元化的根源与实质，会启发我们在当今的社会环境中以自觉的努力去解决人性善恶二元的内心冲突。
关键词: 人道主义；妇女主义；二元化
Abstract
The duality of human nature, good and evil, as one of the eternal themes of human thought and study, it reflected in many literary works. "Oliver twist", the themes that appear within the text are the delineation between good and evil, the hypocritical attitudes and behaviors of public institutions, and the ultimately flawed theory of individualism. Dickens uses mistaken identities and familial ties to create a story, which closely details the journey of a virtuous orphan through the mean streets of poverty. It is the social reality at that time and is a critical realism novel. This study aims to analysis in this work, for example discuss the feminism and humanitarian thought.
This study consists of two parts. The first part is the preface, make a brief introduction to Dickens, "Oliver twist" and the era of Victorian literature. The second part is divided into two chapters, the first chapter expounds the promoting humanitarian by Dickens. Which emphasizes the "human love", his thought is humanitarian that is based on "human nature", advocate using the means of nonviolent to perfect the social system, in order to develop the kindness of human nature to fight evil in society, advocates the emotional education, in the hope of exploiters of conscience found, change his ways. The theme of the novel through the affirmation of human nature, sympathy and compassion for the weak, cries out for the small people's misfortune, to utilitarianism and money worship, the alienation of human nature. The second chapter is analysis of feminist ethics.
The study found that in Oliver Twist both virtuousness and viciousness of the main characters and moral dilemma of the author are manifestations of the humanity’s dualism. Based on the analysis of the roots and essence of humanity’s dualism in Victorian age, it will inspire people to resolve the inner conflicts between virtuousness and viciousness in the modern society.
Key words: feminism; humanitarian; dualism
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