中美文化交际中时间观差异对比研究

Different cultures breed different time concept and time behavior, inevitably leading to culture conflicts in interpersonal communication between cultures. As far as Chinese and American are concerned, their different time concepts can be summed up like this: Chinese take a polychronic, round-type, past-oriented time outlook while American prefers the monochronic, linear and future-oriented time outlook. This difference not only shows the great impact of cultural factors, but also leads to different use of time. With more and more frequent, closer and closer cultural and economic contacts between China and America, this disparity renders it urgent to know better respective perception of time so as to find proper ways to settle the potential cultural gaps, avoid cultural conflicts and fulfill effective communication, which forms the core of this study.
Key Words: time concept; cultural conflict; differences; measures

摘要：不同的文化衍生出不同的时间观及相应的行为，导致跨文化人际交往中的冲突时有发生。就中美而言，二者在时间观方面的差异可概括为：多元制、圆式、过去取向的时间观对单向制、线式及未来取向的时间观。该差异既展现了相关文化因素的巨大影响，也必导致两个民族对时间使用的不同理念。随着中美日益密切、频繁的文化经济交流，互相了解对方的时间观、找到解决差异的对策、避免跨文化冲突以实现有效交流已成为迫切之事。这也正是本研究的主题。
关键词：时间观；交际冲突；差异；措施

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