中美文化中对个人主义的认同差异

个人主义思想作为一个完整的思想体系是随着资本主义的发生和发展而逐步形成的。因此，在很多西方资本主义国家，特别是在美国，个人主义毋庸置疑是他们的信仰，是他们文化价值观的最基本、最主要的内容。而在社会主义的中国，个人主义的成长历程就相对复杂很多，有误解和攻击，同时也有理解和支持。所以，作为东西方文化的典型代表，中国和美国文化观念中对个人主义的认同必然存在着多方面的差异。
本文利用比较分析法，借助前人对两国历史文化的研究成果，着重论述了两国对个人主义的认同差异这一主题，探讨了个人主义在两国社会生活、家庭生活以及学校生活中的具体表现，并归纳总结了产生这些差异的原因。最后，本文强调我们要以正确的态度看待这些差异，辩证地认识和利用不同文化价值观在社会生活中发挥的不同作用，扬长避短，促进我们的社会更好更快地发展。

关键词：文化; 个人主义; 认同; 差异
Abstract

As a mature system of thought, individualism was found and built with the growing of the capitalism. Therefore, in many western countries, especially in America, individualism is absolutely the most important thing in people’s concept of value and faith about culture. While in China, individualism is growing with not only misunderstanding and attacking but also understanding and supporting. There is no doubt that Chinese and American culture as two representatives of eastern and western culture have different recognitions towards individualism.
Firstly, according to the achievements of predecessors about Chinese and American culture, this thesis takes the individualism recognition in two countries as a key point. Then this thesis makes a comparison from three aspects of two countries: individualism in public life, individualism in family life and individualism in school life. What’s more, this thesis gets a conclusion that the root-causes of different recognitions towards individualism between Chinese and American culture. Last but not least, this thesis emphasizes that we should hold a correct attitude on individualism problem. We should learn from other’s strong point to offset our weakness and make the best of the both worlds. Dialectical recognition and action of different culture values is a kind of way promoting our society better and better.

Key words:   Culture； Individualism； Recognition； Difference

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