通过对比《红楼梦》和四大悲剧看曹雪芹和莎士比亚的死亡观

死亡观是文化的一部分。因为宗教和传统文化的不同，东西方对死亡观有不同的看法。曹雪芹和莎士比亚作为东西方文化的巨匠，他们的作品体现了他们对死亡的看法。作品中的典型人物可以表现他们的观点。这篇论文首先介绍了贾宝玉的死亡观。他不仅勇敢面对死亡而且认为死亡可以让他的爱情不朽并且给他一个新的开始。黛玉和宝玉具有相似的观点，她认为死亡是一种解脱还给她的爱情一次新的机会。然而，在四大悲剧中，哈姆雷特认为死亡是一种解脱。奥菲利亚相信死亡是爱情的圆满。奥赛罗坚持死亡是赎罪。因此，曹雪芹和莎士比亚的相似死亡观是面死亡，死亡是爱情圆满，死亡是一种重生。不同的观点是曹雪芹注重死亡的方式而莎士比亚强调死后的情况。造成不同和相同的原因是宗教和传统文化。读者从这篇文章可以探索人物的精神和心理状况还可以给对死亡观有兴趣的读者一点新的空气。

关键字:  四大悲剧   《红楼梦》   曹雪芹   莎士比亚   死亡
The Comparison of Attitudes towards Death between Cao Xueqin and Shakespeare Reflected in Story of Stone and the Four Tragedies               

Abstract

     Views on death are a part of culture. Because of the differences of religion and traditional culture, the west and the east world have different views on death. Shakespeare and Cao Xueqin are the masters of the west and east culture. Their works represent their own understanding about death. The typical characters can express these views.The paper introduces Baoyu’ views on death. He is the one who is brave to confront death. Moreover, he believes that death can make his love immortal and give him a new beginning. Daiyu’ views on death are similar with Baoyu’s. She thinks that death is a relief of suffering and can give her love a new chance. While, in four tragedies, Hamlet insists that death is as a relief of suffering. Ophelia believes that death is  consummation of submissive love. Othello thinks Death is as a relief of sin. Therefore, the similar views of Cao Xueqin and Shakespeare are confronting death, death equaling consummation of love and death meaning rebirth. The different view is Cao Xueqin emphasizes the way of death and Shakespeare pays more attention on the situation after death. The reasons lie in different religion and traditional culture. The author hopes that readers can better probe into the psychological and mental conditions of characters in tragedies through the paper and that this paper can bring fresh air to people who like to study the views on death.

Key words:  Four tragedies,    Story of Stone,    Cao Xueqin,    Shakespeare,
                Death

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