江苏省农村消费信贷供求分析及发展

摘  要

在扩大内需的过程中农村市场消费潜力巨大，使得扩大农村居民消费成为扩大内需的一个重点，发展农村消费信贷成为扩大农村消费需求的迫切需要。
消费信贷需求是一种引致需求，首先必须有对消费的需求。本文将江苏省农村居民消费分为生活性消费和生产性消费，农民对生活性消费资料和生产性消费资料的支出是为了实现不同的目的，因此，对这二者的消费信贷须遵循不同的决策机制。江苏省新农村建设对农民生活性消费的促进作用主要通过三个途径实现：新农村建设带来农村家庭生活性消费支出的增加，以及与此相伴的消费结构升级，由此引致江苏省未来农村生活性消费信贷的需求结构发生变化。对于人均农业劳动力土地面积只有0.09公顷的江苏省农村而言，对生产资料的需求仍然主要为土地节约型生产资料，如化肥、农药、深耕型小功率的农机具等。江苏省农村金融机构应针对这一生活性和生产性消费需求特征开发相应的农村消费信贷。
一个运作良好的金融体系是发展农村消费信贷的重要前提。目前江苏省农村地区在供给消费信贷方面只有正规金融机构拥有合法的地位，且面临高运行成本的传统正规金融资源占了绝大部分。为了满足合法性的要求和充分利用农村现有金融资源，短期内农村传统正规金融机构仍须充当农村消费信贷供给的主力军。但是本文通过实证分析得出该省正规金融机构由于农村消费信贷市场信息不对称、缺乏抵押品、金融机构本身供给成本较高等原因造成消费信贷供给效率低下，而非正规金融机构刚好弥补了正规金融机构这些方面的劣势，正规金融弥补了非正规金融在法律地位方面的不足，这一特征使得传统正规金融与非正规金融或新型金融合作提高消费信贷供给效率，满足日益增长的消费信贷需求成为可能。

关键词：江苏农村消费信贷； 农村消费信贷需求； 农村消费信贷供给； 正规金融与非正规金融
ABSTRACT

During the process of enlarging domestic demands, the development of rural consumption credit has become an urgent demand of expanding rural consumer demand because of the huge potential of rural consumption market.
The demand for consumption credit is a kind of induced demand; firstly there should be the demand for consumption. In this article rural consumption consists of household consumption and productive consumption. The expenditures of rural residents on household consumption and productive consumption are for different purpose, therefore, the demand of consumption credit for these two parts observes different decision mechanisms. New rural construction of Jiangsu Province promote the household consumption of rural residents through 3 different conduits: New rural construction bring the increase of household consumption expenditures; as well as accompanying rural consumption structure escalation, the demand structure of rural household consumption credit has changed in Jiangsu Province. As to Per capita agricultural land area is only 0.09 hectares in rural areas of Jiangsu Province, the demand for agricultural productive materials is still mainly for land-saving production, such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides, roots-based low-power farm machinery and so on. Rural financial institutions should adapt its credit support for the household and productive consumption credit demand.
A well functioned financial system is important precondition for the development of rural consumption credit. At president only formal financial institutions have legal status and account for the majority in supply of consumption credit in Jiangsu Province, which face high operating costs. In order to satisfy the legitimacy and make full use of existing financial resources, it is still necessary for the traditional formal financial institutions to play a main role in the provision of rural consumption credit. In this paper, drawn from the analysis, the formal financial institutions are inefficient supply of consumer credit because of their high cost, the rural consumer credit market information asymmetry, lack of collateral and so on. But the non-formal financial institutions make up the cost disadvantage of the formal financial institutions and the latter make up the former deficiencies in the legal status, which feature makes it possible that the formal financial institutions and the non-formal financial institutions or new financial institution cooperate in improving supply efficiency of consumption credit and meet the growing demand for consumption credit.

Keywords: Rural consumption credit of Jiangsu Province; Demand for rural consumption credit; Supply of rural consumption credit; Formal financial and non-formal financial

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