趋向动词“上”和“下”的比较研究
客观世界的“上”“下”是对立统一的，在语言上似乎也应该遵守对称法则，但实际语言事实告诉我们，由“上”“下”构成的语言形式，很大一部分不具有对称性。另外，在现代汉语中，动词和宾语之间的语义关系复杂多样，关于宾语的语义类型问题，仍存在许多尚未解决的问题。其中，“处所宾语”就是一个极富争议的问题。所以，在前人对“上/下”的研究基础上，通过对“上/下+处所宾语”结构的深入研究，深化对“上/下”的认识。分析“上”“下”各自语义之间的联系，探讨其后接名词宾语的语义特征。希望能够丰富汉语本体研究的词义研究，同时也为该结构的教学特别是对外汉语的实践教学提供更多的理论参考。
关键词：趋向动词“上”“下”；处所宾语；语义特征；对称性；位移性；
Abstract: Objectively ,"shang" and "xia" is the unity of opposites, thus the language seems to obey the symmetry rules. However, the linguistic facts tell us, a large part of the form of language which composed of "shang" and "xia", have no symmetry . In addition, in modern Chinese, the semantic relation between verb and object is complicated. About the semantic types of the object, there are still many problems unsolved. Among them, "the locative object" is a highly controversial issue. Based on previous research of "shang/xia", we hope to study "shang/xia + locative object" structure in depth, in oder to deepen our understandings of "shang/xia". Through the analysis of the semantic relation of “shang/xia”, we can discuss the semantic features of the locative object. This not only enriches the meaning of Chinese ontology study, at the same time, the structure of teaching especially provides the theory reference for more practice of teaching Chinese as a foreign language.
Keywords: Motion Verbs “shang” and “xia”; Locative object; Semantic feature;
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