长期护理保险资金筹集问题研究
随着我国老龄化越发严重，老年人口中失去劳动能力和生活不能自理的人口比例逐年增加，护理需求增多，但现行的城镇基本医疗保险并不包含护理费用，使得老年人的护理需求难以得到满足，因此推行长期护理保险已是大势所趋。
本文通过分析我国实行的商业性和社会性长期护理保险试点实践，发现我国商业长期护理存在保险费用高，供给相对过剩，风险控制和服务能力还难以达到市场需求的程度，且缺乏相关的法规政策约束和推动，虽然发展空间大，但目前不宜于全面推行。社会性长期护理保险筹资渠道单一。而养老保险和医疗保险都与护理保险有着密切联系，各试点城市也多采用了社会险的形式较有成效，因此本文以社会保险筹资作为类比，借鉴国外长期护理保险的运行模式和筹资方式，分析长期护理保险的筹资渠道以及各筹资主体负担比例的影响因素，以期为长期护理保险筹资机制的完善提供借鉴。
关键词：长期护理保险；筹资渠道； 分担比例影响因素
Abstract
With the increasing incidence of aging in our country, the proportion of people who have lost their ability to work in the elderly population and can not take care of their own lives has increased year by year. The demand for nursing care has increased, but the current urban basic medical insurance does not include nursing expenses, so that the nursing needs of the elderly are difficult to meet. So the implementation of long-term care insurance is the inevitable trend.
This paper found that Chinese commercial long-term care insurance cost is high, the relative excess supply, risk control and service ability is difficult to reach the level of market demand, and lack the related laws and regulations policy constraints to promote through the analysis of Chinese commercial and social long-term care insurance pilot practice. Although development space is large, it is not suitable for the full implementation. Social long - term care insurance financing channels are single. And endowment insurance and medical insurance has close ties with care insurance. Each pilot cities also adopted the form of social insurance and it shows effective. Therefore this paper takes the social security fund-raising as analogy, and learn from foreign long-term care insurance mode of operation and financing, to analyzes the financing factors of long-term care insurance and the influencing factors of the proportion of each main body of financing，so as to provide reference for the perfection of long-term care insurance financing mechanism.
Key words：Long-term Care Insurance; Financing Channels；The Influence Factors of Allocation Proportion
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