论《病榻梦痕录》中的鬼神信仰与审判

清代官员在一些司法实践中，经常会“动用鬼神”或者借用此思想观念帮助破案、定纷止讼。汪辉祖著作的《病榻梦痕录》中对有典范意义的重要案例做了记载，这本著作体现了汪辉祖的司法精神和折狱风格，而此中的一些案例如刘开扬案、虞氏言氏墓道之争案、虞氏羞愤或气愤自杀案中分别体现了汪辉祖利用鬼神断案、定纷止讼以及汪辉祖本人信奉鬼神领悟到的公正司法精神，同时也反向体现了人们对公平正义的向往，折射出民众较强的诉讼意识。由汪辉祖的《病榻梦痕录》引申当时文学著作及社会现象，可知古代中国在审判案件时，官员利用鬼神信仰有利于案件侦破、定纷止讼、使冤案得以平反、恤刑的作用。虽然，现在看来，鬼神信仰与审判实则毫无关联，但在当时的时代是可以理解的，且这恰恰说明古代人们利用鬼神信仰实现司法公正审判的愿望，同时鬼神信仰也是司法审判的一个重要补充。

关键词：病榻梦痕录；鬼神信仰；恤刑；冤案
 
Discuss the Belief of Ghosts and Gods and Judgment in the Bing Ta Meng Hen Lu

Abstract

Officials in the Qing dynasty in some judicial practice, often in "use" or use the ideas to help solve crimes, check of dispute lawsuit. Wang Huizu works in his “Bing Ta Meng Hen Lu” for important case made with model meaning, this book embodies the spirit of Wang Huizu judicial and fold prison style, and some cases such as kai-yang liu in this case, the YuShi's pyramid-shaped mound dispute case, YuShi ashamed and resentful or angry suicide case respectively embodies the Wang Huizu spirits of dispute resolution, check litigation and Wang Hui ZuBen people believe in ghosts and gods grasp the spirit of fair justice, as well as reverse embodies the people to the justice is yearning, reflects the people strong legal consciousness. By Wang Huizu " Bing Ta Meng Hen Lu " extended the literary works and the social phenomenon, is the ancient Chinese in trying cases, the official use of ghosts and gods faith is advantageous to the check of dispute, litigation cases, enable the person to rehabilitate, penalty function. Though, ghosts and gods faith and trial, it seems, in fact has nothing to do, but it's understandable that at the time of the era, and this is precisely the ancient people use of ghosts and gods faith for the desire of the judicial justice, at the same time, ghosts and gods faith is an important supplement of justice.

Keywords: Bing Ta Meng Hen Lu; belief of ghosts and gods; charitable; unjust verdicts
 

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