中西委婉语的文化对比分析

委婉语是一种语言现象，更是一种文化现象。综观国内外委婉语的研究历史，主要是从语义学、社会语言学、修辞学、心理学和语用学等角度进行的，而且大多着眼于某一特定的语言(如英语或汉语)，有关委婉语的文化层面的对比研究则相对较少。为了揭示委婉语的文化特色，在跨文化交际中成功地解读和应用委婉语，本文尝试从文化层面对英汉委婉语进行对比分析。
通过对比分析中西委婉语，本文成功揭示了中西委婉语的异同。即：英汉委婉语的使用都遵循相同的合作行为模式，也有相同的心理机制。但在中西方不同的文化背景和社会机制下，中西委婉语也有其不同之处。
在跨文化交际中，我们要看到文化的趋同性，善于充分运用母语文化知识的辅助作用；同时又要看到文化的差异性，防止母语文化的干扰，避免语用失误。在跨文化交际中，我们应凸显文化意识，将目标语的语言形式和文化特色结合起来，加速交际能力的建构，满足不断发展的社会形势的需求，实现和谐跨文化交际。

关键词：委婉语；文化；跨文化交际
Cultural Analysis of Chinese and English Euphemism

Abstract: Now with the development of our social civilization and material life, euphemism is more and more considered as a necessary part in our daily life. Euphemism can bring lots of amusement, improve relationships, make people relaxed, etc. What’s more, it’s a smart way to express either discontent or sharp opinions, which minimizes the treat of others’ face.
Many scholars both at home and abroad have studied euphemism from different perspectives, yet the previous study was restricted to individual language and limited to the rhetorical or semantic perspective. There have not been many systematical contrastive studies, especially from the cultural perspective. However, the euphemisms are not the same because of the difference of culture. for example ,the difference of life habit or custom and the taboo. And euphemism reflects all kinds of social mentality and social communicative function and also widely used in every field. therefore, this paper tries to research contrastively into euphemism in terms of culture. Only when we know how to make use of euphemism in different background and environment, can we use Euphemism to avoid embarrassment of unhappiness under different cultures and use the proper euphemism to minimize hurt to people.
This thesis comprises three parts. Chapter One introduces the definition and classification of euphemism, the research background, the importance and significance of the cultural comparative research on euphemism.
Chapter Two focuses on the similarities of Chinese and English euphemism, which is one of the most important part of the thesis.
Chapter Three analyzes the differences of Chinese and English euphemism used in people’s daily life and social life where lots of useful example will be shown. It is the main body of the thesis.
In summary, a cultural contrastive study of euphemisms can help Chinese and the people of English-speaking countries to know more about each other and achieve more harmonious and effective communication.

Keywords: euphemism; culture; communication

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