论美国新闻道德约束理论和实践

新闻道德的自我约束力，是美国新闻业道德机制的重要组成部分。在其发展和演变中，不但体现了美国新闻业的道德约束机制的运转情况，更能展现其新闻业所处的社会背景的变化。本文以美国新闻业道德的约束理论和实践过程为研究对象，介绍了美国新闻业从萌芽初期的道德觉醒到其新闻道德自律体制逐渐完善发展的演变历程，从影响新闻业的“报刊自由理论”的诞生背景到其后期对美国新闻道德约束所产生的不良因素，从而过渡到新理论“社会责任论”的诞生都一一作了论述。本文认为在不同的社会背景下，美国新闻道德的自律体制基本做到了随机应变，用各种方式来捍卫了新闻道德的平稳发展。最后，虽然在美国新闻道德的自我约束在适应过程中还有不足之处，但其理论机制的发展和变迁对世界各国的新闻业都起到了参考和借鉴的价值。

关键词：美国新闻道德约束 ，两种理论的发展演变, 自律的措施

Abstract
    The mechanism of journalistic ethics’ restraints plays an important role in American journalism. With the evolution of American journalism, it not only shows the history of American journalistic ethics but also the changing of American backgrounds. This paper introduces the development of journalistic ethics in America by describing two famous theories—— the libertarian and the social responsibility theory of the press. For protecting the journalistic ethics, American society and journalism have established various systems and criterions. Although there are some shortcomings in the mechanism of the journalistic ethics’ restraints, American journalism tries its best to consummate it.
 
Key words: journalistic ethics’ restraints, development of two theories，  measures of restraints

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