智能汽车超声波传感器模块电路设计

该项目是智能车辆的子项目。其目的在于设计一种超声波传感器模块，用于测量车辆到障碍物的距离，并将输出数据提供给车辆的中央控制。本课题中的传感器模块主要由三部分组成：发射机传感器驱动电路、接收机回波信号调理电路和单片机电路。
在驱动电路中，该模块使用推挽电路并通过变压器放大电压。接收电路由放大电路、带通滤波器和电压比较器三部分组成。该比较器作为模数转换器工作，并将数字信号输出到AT89C51芯片。
该超声波模块的进一步改进可以包括温度补偿功能。这是因为空气中的声速随温度而变化。为了获得更精确的距离数据，应考虑温度。
This individual project is a sub project of Intelligent Vehicle. It aims at designing an ultrasonic sensor module to measure the distance from the vehicle to the obstacles and gives an output data to the central control of the vehicle. Learned and expanded from existed module designs in the market, the sensor module in this project mainly has three parts: transmitter sensor driver circuit, receiver echo signal condition circuit and MCU circuit.

In the driver circuit, the module uses a push-pull circuit and amplifies the voltage by transformer. The receiver circuit contains three parts: amplifier circuit, band pass filter and voltage comparator. The comparator works as a analog to digital converter, and it outputs a digital signal into AT89C51 chip.

Further improvements of this ultrasonic module may include the temperature compensation function. This is because the speed of sound in air is varied with the temperature. To get more accurate distance data, temperature should be taken into account.

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