分析莎士比亚《威尼斯商人》中夏洛克的悲剧因素

《威尼斯商人》是莎士比亚早期的重要作品之一，是一部具有极大讽刺性的著名喜剧著作。这部著作的一个最重要文学成就，就是塑造了夏洛克这一冷酷无情的高利贷者的典型形象。以前，尤其是16世纪，许多人认为夏洛克为人贪婪、自私、残忍、狡猾，所以他的结局正是这部喜剧被称为喜剧的一个重要原因，但是对于夏洛克来说，这个结局无疑是他个人的悲剧。但随着时间的发展，人们明白了正因为自古以来对犹太人的歧视和偏见，才造成了夏洛克的悲剧。
为了更好地支撑主题，此论文不仅分析了文中夏洛克多样的悲剧性格，还通过分析犹太人的历史和当时社会的局限性，说明了造成夏洛克悲剧的主要因素。

关键词：夏洛克；宗教；历史；法律；悲剧
Abstract

The Merchant of Venice is one of Shakespeare’s most famous and important early works, an extremely large satirical comedy in the world. The most important literary achievement in this play is shaping Shylock as a grim and unfeeling typical image of usurers. Before, especially in the 16th century, many people think Shylock is greedy, selfish, cruel, and cunning, so his final result is the reason why this play is called comedy. As time goes by, people understand that it is just the discrimination and prejudice to the Jewish people since ancient times that lead to the tragedy of Shylock.
To support the thesis, this paper not only analyzes the diversified tragic characters of Shylock, but also explains some main factors, which cause Shylock’s tragedy through the analysis of the Jewish history and the social limitation at that time.

Key words: Shylock; religion; history; law; tragedy

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