中美贸易战对中美农产品贸易的影响

中美贸易战历时一年之久，对中美双方都造成了不同程度的影响。农业是国家发展的基础。中国和美国都是农业大国,两国农产品贸易也在不断深化。从2011年起，中国成为美国最大的农产品出口国。中美农产品贸易中最重要的作物就是大豆。由于其高产油量和良好的经济效益，大豆在世界农业贸易中占有重要地位。中国还提出了美国对大豆及其他产品征收25％关税的对策，这对中美农产品贸易量产生了巨大影响。中美农产品的进出口格局和世界大豆价格也发生了变化。本文通过最新的数据比较中美贸易战开始后中美两国大豆进出口价格和数量的变化，并发现了中美两国之后的贸易动向，研究得出中美贸易战对中美两国农产品贸易的影响：美国失去中国这一巨大市场后，为了补齐缺口开始加强与欧盟的合作，同时也与中国不断磋商；中国减少了对美国的进口，开始转向巴西、阿根廷和巴拉圭等主流大豆出口国，也开始了和俄罗斯、埃塞俄比亚等非主流农产品出口国的合作。开辟多元进口后，中国也在加强本国的大豆生产能力，提出大豆振兴计划，保障国内有效供给。

关键词：中美贸易战；进出口；农产品；大豆

 
Absrtact
The Sino-US trade war, which lasted for a year, has had varying degrees of influence on both China and the United States. Agriculture is the foundation of national Development, both China and the United States are large agricultural countries, the two countries trade in agricultural products is deepening, since 2011 China has become the largest exporter of agricultural products. The most important crop in the agricultural trade between China and the United States is soybeans, which, because of their high oil yield and good economic benefits, occupy an important position in the world agricultural trade. China has also proposed to the United States a 25% tariff on soybeans and other products, which has a huge impact on Sino-US agricultural trade, and the import and export patterns of Chinese and American agricultural products, as well as the price of soybeans in the world, have changed. Through the latest data, this paper compares the changes of soybean import and export prices and quantities between China and the United States after the start of Sino-US trade war, and discovers the trade trend after China and America, and studies the impact of Sino-US trade war on the agricultural trade between China and the US: After the US loses the huge market of this country It has also been in constant consultation with China, which has reduced imports to the United States and begun to shift to mainstream soybean exporters such as Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay, and has begun cooperation with non-mainstream agricultural exporters such as Russia and Ethiopia. After opening up diversified imports, China is also strengthening its soybean production capacity, proposing a soybean revitalization plan to ensure effective domestic supply.

Key words:Sino-US trade war；import and export；agricultural products；soybeans

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