状态焦虑对条件恐惧泛化的影响

焦虑与恐惧情绪的泛化研究是当今临床实践中的热点，但前人的研究主要集中于焦虑障碍病人上。本研究以对38名健康大学生为被试，采用条件恐惧泛化梯度范式，在习得恐惧之后，观看视频片段诱发（或不诱发）个体的状态焦虑，再进行条件恐惧泛化任务。以主观风险预期值及皮电(SCR)作为指标，探究状态焦虑对条件性恐惧情绪泛化上的影响。结果表明：1）负性视频显著提高并且有效维持个体的状态焦虑。2）在泛化阶段，状态焦虑者显著增强了条件恐惧的恐惧情绪反应，并有过度泛化倾向。具体而言，状态焦虑对与条件刺激（CS+）相似的泛化刺激（GS）理解为危险信号，表现出更强的恐惧反应以及更高的预期。同时，本研究尝试对这种泛化现象的可能机制进行解释。
关键词：条件性恐惧，恐惧泛化，泛化梯度范式，状态焦虑
Abstract
The impact of anxiety on fear generation has been a controversial topic in the latest researches. Nearly all of the previous studies focused mainly on observing the differences in fear generation comparing anxious and non-anxious individual, which were affected by some potential etiological factors and developed different result. Nevertheless, anxiety should be induced in healthy individuals experimentally, so that to provide evidence for a causal link between anxiety and fear generation.
An experiment was designed including thirty-eight healthy participants employing in a generalization paradigm consisted of habituation, acquisition and generation phases, at the same time subject risk-expectancy and SCR were rated online. Before generation phase, all of the participants were exposed to an adverse video or a neutral one(control condition) then subjective anxiety was measured. The quasi-randomly presented rings of gradually increasing size, with extreme sizes serving as conditioned danger cues(CS+) and conditioned safety cues(CS-), while the intermediary size as generalization stimuli(GS).
The results revealed that an adverse video increased state anxiety. Anxiety group displayed stronger generalization than comparison subjects. The findings show a marked tendency toward fear overgeneralization in an anxious state and modify a methodology for the generalization paradigm and also give some putative mechanism basis of fear conditioning.

Key Words： fear conditioning, fear

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