语境对英汉翻译的影响

Defined as the environment people actually use when they communicate with each other, context plays a critical part in language understanding and using. Since the very proposal of the concept, lots of academic attention has been paid to ,which make it a basic concept in many linguistic areas now, such as semantics, stylistics, pragmatics and social linguistics. There are two points of view in context studies: the static studies and the dynamic studies, the former remaining mainstream, and the later as a compensation for and explanation of the former.
The use of language is inseparable from the context, and the translation work based on language is also inseparable from the context. Translation is closely related to context as a communication method between different languages, and an activity between different cultures. In 1990s the concept of context has been adopted by translation theories, attacking greater importance to translation. As the main body of translation, translator should have context awareness and make full use of context to fulfill the task of translation.This thesis focuses on the relationship between translation and context, the influence and use of context while translating. It aims at making translators realize the importance of context, and helping them translate under context.  Chapter one not only introduces the origination,but also gives the history of context studies. Chapter two introduces the basic knowledge of context, such as definition, characteristics, and functions of context.Chapter three explains the importance of context in translation by examples in the static aspect. Chapter four introduces the dynamic studies of context by contrasting two representative viewpoints. Conclusion,  we can get the conclusion that context and translation are closely connected, translators should translate under context.

 
Key words: context static；context dynamic；context；translation
语境是交际发生时被人们实际所使用的环境，是决定语言的理解和使用的一种重要因素。自从语境概念正式被提出，各国语言学家就对其非常重视，现在语境已成为语义学、语用学、语体学、社会语言学中的一个基本概念。综合分析语境的研究，主要有静态和动态两种角度，其中静态语境研究持续了相当长的一个时期，为了解释和弥补静态语境研究的不足动态研究逐渐得到重视并发展起来。
   语言的使用离不开语境，并且以语言为对象的翻译工作也离不开语境。翻译作为不同语言间信息交流的必要手段以及跨文化的交际活动，与语境有着密切的联系。20纪90年代翻译理论界植入了“语境”的概念，语境在翻译中的重要性也越来越得到关注。作为翻译的主体，译者应具备语境意识，充分利用语境来完成翻译任务。本文主要研究翻译与语境的关系以及语境在翻译中的影响和运用。它旨在使译者意识到语境的重要性，并帮助他们在语境下进行翻译。
第一章介绍了语境研究的历史与现状。第二章介绍了语境的基本知识，如语境的定义、特点和功能。第三章从语境的静态研究通过翻译实例阐明语境对翻译中原文理解和用译语表达时的重要作用。第四章从动态语境角度出发，介绍并比较了两种代表性的动态语境观，指出动态语境观对译者的翻译实践的必要性和意义。结束语，通过本文的论述得出结论，即语境和翻译紧密相连，译者应在语境下进行翻译。
 

关键词：语境静态 语境动态 语境  翻译

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