多维视角下的苔丝悲剧命运解读

托马斯•哈代是十九世纪英国著名的批判现实主义作家。《德伯家的苔丝》（1891）被公认为是他最优秀的代表作品之一。小说描写了女主角在被阿历克诱奸后，又被安吉遗弃的悲惨命运。《德伯家的苔丝》不仅反映出资本主义压迫和剥削下农民贫困破产的悲惨现状，而且揭露了维多利亚时期女性在父权制、宗教、伦理道德重重压迫下的悲苦生活。本文尝试从社会的视角解读维多利亚时代社会的经济、政治和文化现状，以人物视角分析苔丝、阿历克、安吉和苔丝父母这些重要角色的人为因素以及哈代的宿命论，多维视度解读苔丝悲剧命运。苔丝悲剧命运解读对于现代女性争取经济独立和爱情平等具有重要的借鉴意义。

关键词：托马斯·哈代；《德伯家的苔丝》；命运悲剧
 
Abstract

Thomas Hardy is one of the most prominent English critical realistic writers in the 19th century. Tess of the d'Urbervilles（1891）is recognized as one of his most outstanding representative works. The novel narrates the tragic fate of a pure and innocent girl, Tess, who is seduced by Alec and then abandoned by her beloved Angel. Tess of the d'Urbervilles not only reflects the miserable state of farmers suffering from the cruel exploitation from capitalists, but also reveals the bitterness of women under the oppression of patriarchy, religion and ethics in Victorian period. This paper attempts to interpret Tess's tragic fate from multi-dimensional view. It explores the social situation of economy, politics and culture in Victorian Period, and analyzes the influence on Tess' tragic fate caused by Alex, Angle and Tess's parents. It also analyzes Hardy's fatalism and Tess's struggle against her fate. The interpretation of Tess’s tragic fate provides a lesson and significant reference for modern women to pursue their economic independence and equality between men and women.

Key words: Thomas Hardy; Tess of the d'Urbervilles; tragic fate

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