徘徊在两种文化之间—后殖民主义视角下《上海孤儿》研究c
《上海孤儿》是英籍日裔作家石黑一雄创作的小说, 也是移民文学体裁中广受好评的一部作品。《上海孤儿》讲述了一个英国侦探克里斯托弗班克斯下定决心寻找他在上海神秘失踪的父母的故事。可是，最后的结局却表明一切都是班克斯自己的幻想，甚至和他原来相信的截然相反。《上海孤儿》表面上是一部侦探小说，但是作者想要通过带有悬疑性色彩的回忆揭示了一些外国侨民是文化缺失的受害者，他们不断体会孤独和失落之感。外国侨民具有不同的国家背景身份，他们通常会处于一种“孤儿”状态的尴尬处境之中。
这篇论文主要通过后殖民主义理论有关东西话语权问题，探讨“孤儿”身份产生的原因，并且着重关注主人公在双重身份之中的内心矛盾与挣扎，他在殖民地无疑是高人一等的主人身份，然而在西方殖民者中却是一个与众不同的异类。另外，本文还将分析石黑一雄给出的象征性的解决方案和它们对于现代全球化社会的借鉴意义。
关键词： 石黑一雄；《上海孤儿》；身份；话语权；后殖民主义
Wandering between Two Cultures
---A Study of When We Were Orphans in the Perspective of Post-colonialism
Abstract
When We Were Orphans is a novel written by Japanese British writer Kazuo Ishiguro, which is widely taken as an outstanding work of immigrant literature. The novel tells a story of a British detective Christopher Banks who is determined on unremitting search for his mysteriously lost parents in Shanghai. However the result turns out to be all his impractical imagination and it is totally contrary to what he used to believe. Through a seemingly detective story, the author reveals that some foreign residents, just like the protagonist Christopher Banks, are the victims who have lost their cultural identity and experience loneliness and loss. As people with a transnational identity, many of these foreign residents live in an awkward situation—being orphaned as described in the novel.
This thesis mainly aims at exploring the underlying cause of orphanage based on the discourse power between the Orient and the Occident in the perspective of Post-colonialism and giving emphasis on the internal conflicts of the protagonist between two identities—as a master in the Shanghai International Concession and an alienated person among western colonists. In addition, it will analyze the symbolic solutions for a settlement of the wandering life of the protagonist and the referential meaning to the modern globalized society.
Key words: Kazuo Ishiguro; When We Were Orphans; identity; discourse power; post-colonialism
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