论“疑罪从无”原则在我国的法律适用

“疑罪从无”原则又称为“有利于被告人”原则。在刑事案件的处理中，我国法律制度现在越来越注重“保障人权”，而该制度正是“保障人权”具体体现。现如今，随着时代的发展和进步，刑事案件发生的概率也随之提高，但是在案件解决的过程中会引起许多冤案的发生。许多案件发生后，由于种种原因可能会导致证据并不是那么好收集到，因此会带来一个问题，那就是根据所收集到的证据无法给犯罪嫌疑人定罪，那么如何处理这样的案件就给司法人员带来难题。有时由于群众认为应该给犯罪嫌疑人定罪的呼声较高，导致司法人员面临很大的舆论压力。通常在这种情况下，大多司法人员会选择顺应民意，据此带来的结果就是：犯罪嫌疑人的人权没有得到充分的保障。在证据并不充分完全指向犯罪嫌疑人的情况下，就给其定罪，也是近年来冤案发生的重要原因。然而虽然许多冤案发生后，经过多方努力，最终会给“犯人”平反，然而，冤案给这些“犯人”生活所带来的影响确实不可磨灭的。甚至于有些冤案，由于“犯人”已经被执行死刑，导致无法平反。因此，如果要给犯人定罪，司法人员一定要经过深思熟虑，只有在证据确实充分的情况下，才可以给犯罪嫌疑人定罪。因此，在实践中适用“疑罪从无”原则的必要性也就不言而喻了。
根据“疑罪从无”在司法实践中的使用，本文共从五部分进行分析。第一部分，“疑罪从无”原则的概述及发展历程。第二部分，将“疑罪从无”原则和“疑罪从轻”原则进行比较，通过比较得出“疑罪从无”的相对突出优点，从而得出在实践中应用“疑罪从无”的必要性。第三部分，将我国“疑罪从无”原则的适用与美国“疑罪从无”原则的适用进行对比，从而得出可借鉴之处。第四部分，分析“疑罪从无”存在的缺陷，并提出完善方法，改善“疑罪从无”原则在实践适用之中的不足。第五部分，总结全文。
 
关键词：借鉴；完善；有利于被告人原则；实践应用
 
Abstract
The principle of "doubtful crime never exists" is also called the principle of "advantageous to the accused". In dealing with criminal cases, the legal system of our country pays more and more attention to the protection of human rights, which is the concrete embodiment of the protection of human rights. Nowadays, with the development and progress of the times, the probability of criminal cases also increases, but in the process of solving cases, many unjust cases will occur. After many cases occur, because of various reasons, the evidence may not be so well collected, so it will bring a problem, that is, according to the collected evidence can not convict the criminal suspect, so how to deal with such cases will bring difficulties to judicial personnel. Sometimes, because the masses think that the conviction of criminal suspects should be higher, leading to judicial personnel face great pressure of public opinion. Usually in this case, most judicial personnel will choose to comply with public opinion, and the result is that the human rights of criminal suspects are not fully guaranteed. If the evidence does not fully point to the criminal suspect, the conviction of the criminal suspect is also an important reason for the occurrence of injustice cases in recent years. However, although many injustices will eventually bring about redress after many efforts, the impact of injustices on the lives of these "prisoners" is indeed indelible. Even in some cases, because the "prisoner" has been executed the death penalty, leading to irreversible. Therefore, if criminals are to be convicted, the judicial personnel must be thoughtful, and only when the evidence is sufficient, can the criminal suspect be convicted. Therefore, it is self-evident that it is necessary to apply the principle of "doubtful crime never exists" in practice.         
According to the use of "suspected crime is never" in judicial practice, this article is analyzed from five parts. The first part is the overview and development of the principle of "no doubt of crime". The second part compares the principle of "suspected crime from nonexistence" with the principle of "suspected crime from light", and draws the relative prominent advantages of "suspected crime from nonexistence" through comparison, thus obtains the necessity of applying "suspected crime from nonexistence" in practice. The third part compares the application of the principle of "suspected crime from nonexistence" in our country with that in the United States, so as to draw lessons from it. The fourth part is to analyze the defects of the principle of "doubtful crime from nonexistence", and put forward the improvement methods to improve the deficiencies of the principle of "doubtful crime from nonexistence" in practice. The fifth part summarizes the full text.

 
Key words: draw lessons from; improve; benefit the principle of the defendant; practical application 

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